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. 2021 Nov 15;25(1):3–17. doi: 10.1007/s11307-021-01665-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2. — Principal drawing of GRIN based needle endoscope [9] (a) and different pulse stretching (pre-compensation) mechanisms: b prism pair, usually implemented inside laser resonator [13]; c diffraction gratings stretcher [14]; d grating plates combined with cylindrical lens [15]; e diffraction gratings and prisms combination (grism), addressing second and third order dispersions [16].