Table 5.

Follow-up outcomes of T-tube drainage (TD group) and primary closure (PC group) following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration

Parameters	TD group	PC group	P
	(n = 153)	(n = 145)
Follow-up time (months)	20.0(3–40)	17.5(2–40)	0.695
Mortality (n, %)	1(0.65)	2(1.37)	1.000
Residual stone rate (n, %)	3(1.97)	2(1.40)	1.000
Stone recurrence rate (n, %)	2(1.31)	2(1.40)	1.000
Biliary stricture	0	0	–
Bile duct carcinogenesis	0	0	–

Data are presented as median (range), n (%), or n