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. 2023 Feb 27;13:3339. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30229-3

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The concept of superposition of flow velocity and pressure waves near the stenosis. F and P imply the flow and pressure waves, respectively. The subscripts i, r, and t denote incident, reflected, and transmitted waves, respectively. A part of the transmitted wave reflects at the vascular bed in brain. If the actual pulse wavelength is very long, then, these waves generally superpose.