Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

Study	Study design	Treatment dates	Country (No. sites)	Patients	Knees	Key eligibility criteria	Follow-up (months)
Bagla [2020] [32]	P	2017–2018	US (2)	20	20	Age ≥40 ​yr	6
						K-L grade 1-3
						Knee pain ≥5/10
						Conservative therapy failure
Bagla [2022] [33]	P	2018–2019	US (2)	14	14	Age >40 ​yr	1
						K-L grade 1-3
						Knee pain >5/10
						Conservative therapy failure
Choi [2020] [34]	R	2019	Korea (1)	18	28	Intractable knee pain due to OA	3
						Conservative therapy failure
Landers [2020] [35]	P	2016–2017	Australia (1)	10	10	Age 18–75 ​yr	24
						K-L grade 1-2
						Moderate or severe knee pain
						Conservative therapy failure
Lee [2019] [36]	R	2017–2018	Korea (1)	41	71	K-L grade 1-4	12
						Knee pain ≥2/10
						Conservative therapy failure
Little [2021] [37]	P	2018–2020	UK (1)	38	38	Age ≥45 ​yr	12
						K-L grade 1-3
						Conservative therapy failure
Okuno [2017] [17]	P	2012–2016	Japan (1)	72	95	Age 40–80 ​yr	48
						K-L grade 1-3
						Knee pain >5/10
						Conservative therapy failure
Padia [2021] [38]	P	2019–2020	US (1)	40	40	Age 40–80 ​yr	12
						K-L grade 2-4
						Knee pain >4/10
						Conservative therapy failure
Sun [2022] [39]	P	2020–2021	China (1)	17	23	Age >50 ​yr	6
						Knee pain ≥5/10
						Conservative therapy failure

K-L, Kellgren-Lawrence; OA, osteoarthritis; P, prospective; R, retrospective; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States.