Table 2.
Multivariable logistic regression of factors independently associated with undergoing esophagectomy at a high-volume center, defined as ≥9 per year, among patients with clinical stage I-III esophageal cancer.
| Variable | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (per year) | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.12 |
| Sex (reference: male) | 1.12 | 0.98–1.28 | 0.09 |
| Race (reference: Caucasian) | |||
| Black | 0.75 | 0.59–0.96 | 0.02 |
| Other | 0.78 | 0.56–1.09 | 0.14 |
| Year of diagnosis (per year) | 0.99 | 0.97–1.00 | 0.06 |
| CDCC Score (reference: 0) | |||
| 1 | 0.97 | 0.87–1.09 | 0.63 |
| ≥2 | 1.09 | 0.90–1.33 | 0.37 |
| Insurance (reference: none) | |||
| Private | 1.64 | 1.16–2.31 | 0.005 |
| Government | 1.36 | 0.96–1.93 | 0.09 |
| Distance Traveled to Facility (per mile) | 1.01 | 1.01–1.01 | <0.001 |
| Patient Residence (reference: metro) | |||
| Urban | 0.80 | 0.69–0.92 | 0.002 |
| Rural | 0.49 | 0.34–0.70 | <0.001 |
| Academic center (reference: nonacademic) | 19.21 | 16.95–21.79 | <0.001 |
| Diagnosis and Treatment at Different Facilities (reference: same facility) | 2.17 | 1.96–2.41 | <0.001 |
| Education quartile (reference: Q1 >21% not completed) | |||
| Q2 (13–20.9%) | 1.22 | 1.02–1.45 | 0.03 |
| Q3 (7–12.9%) | 1.59 | 1.31–1.92 | <0.001 |
| Q4 (<7%) | 2.04 | 1.64–2.54 | <0.001 |
| Income quartile (reference: Q1 <$38,000) | |||
| Q2 ($38,000–47,999) | 0.94 | 0.79–1.12 | 0.48 |
| Q3 ($48,000–62,999) | 0.84 | 0.70–1.01 | 0.06 |
| Q4 (>$63,000) | 0.64 | 0.52–0.79 | <0.001 |
| Facility location (reference: New England (CT,MA,ME,NH,RI,VT)) | |||
| Middle Atlantic (NJ, NY, PA) | 1.57 | 1.27–1.95 | <0.001 |
| South Atlantic (DC, DE, FL, GA, MD, NC, SC, VA, WV) | 0.87 | 0.70–1.08 | 0.22 |
| East North Central (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI) | 1.43 | 1.16–1.77 | 0.001 |
| East South Central (AL, KY, MS, TN) | 1.47 | 1.11–1.94 | 0.007 |
| West North Central (IA, KS, MN, MO, ND, NE, SD) | 1.34 | 1.06–1.69 | 0.01 |
| West South Central (AR, LA, OK, TX) | 0.33 | 0.25–0.44 | <0.001 |
| Mountain (AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY) | 0.31 | 0.22–0.43 | <0.001 |
| Pacific (AK, CA, HI, OR, WA) | 0.91 | 0.71–1.18 | 0.49 |
| Squamous Histology (reference: adenocarcinoma) | 0.90 | 0.79–1.03 | 0.14 |
| Clinical Stage (reference: stage I) | |||
| Stage II | 0.76 | 0.65–0.88 | <0.001 |
| Stage III | 1.04 | 0.87–1.25 | 0.66 |
| Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (reference: none) | 0.97 | 0.78–1.21 | 0.81 |
| Neoadjuvant Radiation (reference: none) | 0.93 | 0.76–1.14 | 0.48 |