Table 2.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Associations Between Number of Citations and Number of Citations Per Year for Articles Published in Fourteen High-Impact General Medical Journals, and Male Gender
| Variable | Number of articles | Number of citations Mean (SD) |
Number of citations Median (IQR) |
Unadjusted incident rate ratio (IRR)*,† | Adjusted incident rate ratio (IRR)*, ‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citations of articles by gender of first author | |||||
| Woman | 5324 | 68.7 (177.9) | 23 (56) | 1 | 1 |
| Man | 7894 | 104.1 (255.6) | 31 (90) | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) |
| Citations by year of articles by gender of first author | |||||
| Woman | 5324 | 13.5 (31.0) | 5 (11.3) | 1 | 1 |
| Man | 7894 | 20.5 (47.5) | 6.8 (17.8) | 1.5 (1.5–1.6) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) |
| Citations of articles by gender of last author | |||||
| Woman | 3480 | 77.2 (190.5) | 26 (60) | 1 | 1 |
| Man | 8414 | 106.3 (249.2) | 35 (89) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
| Citations by year of articles by gender of last author | |||||
| Woman | 3480 | 15.7 (36.8) | 6 (12.4) | 1 | 1 |
| Man | 8414 | 20.7 (45.7) | 7.5 (17.4) | 1.3 (1.3–1.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) |
| Citations of articles by gender of first and last author | § | ‖ | |||
| Woman first and last author | 1726 | 60.5 (128.7) | 24.5 (50) | 1 | 1 |
| Woman first author and man last author | 3006 | 83.4 (207.6) | 28 (64) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) |
| Man first author and woman last author | 1710 | 91.4 (229.1) | 28 (72) | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) |
| Man first and last author | 5290 | 119.2 (270.3) | 39 (103) | 2.0 (1.8–2.1) | 1.9 (1.4–2.4) |
| Citations per year of articles by gender of first and last author | ¶ | # | |||
| Woman first and last author | 1726 | 12.3 (23.5) | 5.5 (10.4) | 1 | 1 |
| Woman first author and man last author | 3006 | 16.1 (35.4) | 6.2 (12.8) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) |
| Man first author and woman last author | 1710 | 18.4 (42.8) | 6.4 (15.2) | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) |
| Man first and last author | 5290 | 23.3 (50.5) | 8.3 (20.2) | 1.9 (1.8–2.0) | 1.9 (1.4–2.5) |
*All p values < 0.001
†Univariable negative binomial regression
‡Multivariable negative binomial regression (model adjusted for year and journal (citations) and for journal (Citations per year))
§p value for linear trend < 0.001 (IRR per unit increase in gender group: 1.2 [95% CI 1.2–1.3])
‖p value for linear trend < 0.001 (IRR per unit increase in gender group: 1.2 [95% CI 1.1–1.3])
¶p value for linear trend < 0.001 (IRR per unit increase in gender group: 1.2 [95% CI 1.2–1.3])
#p value for linear trend < 0.001 (IRR per unit increase in gender group: 1.2 [95% CI 1.1–1.3])