Table 3. Metabolites of Participants Enrolled in the Study.
| (A) Comparison of metabolites between non-AKI and AKI groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sepsis | p value | ||
| Non-AKI (n=34) | AKI (n=50) | ||
| Alpha-aminobutyric acid | 22.2 (13.9–28.8) | 21.2 (14.1–32.3) | 0.985 |
| Arginine | 80.5 (60.2–102.9) | 49.9 (31.4–96.5) | 0.083 |
| Asparagine | 49.6 (41.0–64.9) | 52.5 (38.5–68.2) | 0.483 |
| Aspartic acid | 41.6 (32.8–56.0) | 37.4 (26.6–53.4) | 0.262 |
| Citrulline | 19.9 (12.1–28.8) | 17.8 (12.2–26.7) | 0.729 |
| Glutamic acid | 124.6 (102.2–155.6) | 124.3 (100.2–19.3) | 0.799 |
| Glutamine | 458.2 (353.6–518.3) | 446.6 (339.1–599.0) | 0.636 |
| Glycine | 267.4 (198.8–349.5) | 254.6 (215.7–388.4) | 0.560 |
| Histidine | 55.5 (46.8–74.7) | 62.3 (45.9–95.1) | 0.348 |
| Hydroxyproline | 11.3 (9.9–14.4) | 13.7 (9.5–19.8) | 0.111 |
| Isoleucine | 55.6 (44.0–72.5) | 53.5 (33.3–66.5) | 0.357 |
| Leucine | 119.1 (94.7–146.8) | 114.3 (78.2–140.5) | 0.636 |
| Lysine | 151.2 (119.6–229.4) | 164.1 (127.3–241.5) | 0.572 |
| Methionine | 28.5 (17.1–40.2) | 29.2 (19.5–41.9) | 0.529 |
| Ornithine | 96.1 (73.3–144.1) | 97.0 (64.1–137.0) | 0.792 |
| Phenylalanine | 144.8 (106.7–192.7) | 160.1 (125.6–233.3) | 0.153 |
| Proline | 130.4 (87.1–227.3) | 158.8 (105.9–257.4) | 0.330 |
| Serine | 133.4 (108.8–174.3) | 116.2 (87.4–144.6) | 0.076 |
| Threonine | 101.4 (65.0–118.7) | 90.6 (67.6–132.1) | 0.964 |
| Tyrosine | 58.5 (48.6–79.4) | 68.6 (49.7–94.9) | 0.183 |
| Valine | 200.0 (170.4–239.2) | 184.2 (154.6–255.2) | 0.357 |
| Kynurenine | 3.3 (2.1–6.8) | 5.2 (3.6–7.3) | 0.009 |
| Tryptophan | 28.8 (15.9–36.5) | 28.1 (19.2–36.1) | 0.931 |
| Kynurenine/Tryptophan ratio | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.029 |
| (B) Comparison of metabolites between recovery and non-recovery AKI groups | |||
| AKI | p value | ||
| Recovery (n=20) | Non-recovery (n=30) | ||
| Alpha-aminobutyric acid | 26.7 (15.6–37.6) | 20.1 (12.0–29.0) | 0.212 |
| Arginine | 58.7 (22.3–128.1) | 49.9 (34.6–87.6) | 0.953 |
| Asparagine | 57.1 (40.3–62.4) | 51.0 (37.2–77.9) | 0.663 |
| Aspartic acid | 45.2 (28.2–59.6) | 34.4 (23.5–45.8) | 0.109 |
| Citrulline | 15.4 (11.1–26.1) | 20.2 (15.1–29.9) | 0.166 |
| Glutamic acid | 134.6 (101.8–171.7) | 117.4 (97.4–144.2) | 0.267 |
| Glutamine | 439.3 (302.8–550.8) | 454.0 (373.6–676.3) | 0.322 |
| Glycine | 255.8 (233.6–396.7) | 254.6 (211.0–391.1) | 0.797 |
| Histidine | 60.2 (45.2–84.9) | 68.4 (46.9–104.7) | 0.593 |
| Hydroxyproline | 12.6 (9.6–15.9) | 14.7 (9.3–30.4) | 0.259 |
| Isoleucine | 55.2 (38.1–69.0) | 51.9 (29.9–65.2) | 0.539 |
| Leucine | 118.9 (84.6–148.6) | 112.4 (77.5–141.8) | 0.579 |
| Lysine | 171.5 (125.1–230.4) | 160.1 (127.3–312.4) | 0.539 |
| Methionine | 30.0 (19.7–38.9) | 26.3 (19.5–45.4) | 0.968 |
| Ornithine | 110.8 (69.4–134.9) | 90.4 (59.6–155.5) | 0.313 |
| Phenylalanine | 152.7 (122.2–220.4) | 160.7 (133.3–260.1) | 0.464 |
| Proline | 140.0 (108.6–217.7) | 164.5 (95.7–304.4) | 0.579 |
| Serine | 138.8 (116.0–154.6) | 98.9 (76.2–131.7) | 0.008 |
| Threonine | 96.9 (73.0–132.4) | 82.7 (65.9–135.6) | 0.722 |
| Tyrosine | 62.4 (40.1–86.0) | 78.8 (51.9–109.1) | 0.220 |
| Valine | 205.8 (159.6–262.7) | 172.6 (142.4–245.7) | 0.235 |
| Kynurenine | 4.3 (2.7–5.8) | 6.6 (4.0–8.9) | 0.009 |
| Tryptophan | 27.3 (20.2–35.8) | 29.0 (17.4–36.9) | 0.968 |
| Kynurenine/Tryptophan ratio | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.013 |
AKI, acute kidney injury.
Data are presented as the median (interquartile range). Results are expressed in µmol/L.