Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
| Characteristics at initial visit | Total (n = 938,635) | PD-free at follow-up (n = 928,711) | Incident PD at follow-up (n = 9,924) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male (%) | 475,609 | 471,207 (50.7%) | 4,402 (44.4%) |
| Female (%) | 463,026 | 457,504 (49.3%) | 5,522 (55.6%) |
| Age groups, y | |||
| ≤50 | 155,240 | 154,895 (16.7%) | 345 (3.5%) |
| 51–55 | 216,621 | 215,862 (23.2%) | 759 (7.7%) |
| 56–60 | 169,606 | 168,432 (18.1%) | 1,174 (11.8%) |
| 61–65 | 138,092 | 136,329 (14.7%) | 1,763 (17.8%) |
| 66–70 | 121,046 | 118,542 (12.8%) | 2,504 (25.2%) |
| 71–75 | 77,919 | 75,890 (8.2%) | 2,029 (20.5%) |
| 76–80 | 38,910 | 37,890 (4.1%) | 1,020 (10.3%) |
| 81–85 | 15,687 | 15,407 (1.7%) | 280 (2.8%) |
| ≥86 | 5,514 | 5,464 (0.6%) | 50 (0.5%) |
| Hypertension (%) | 344,839 | 339,625 (36.6%) | 5,214 (52.5%) |
| Diabetes (%) | 97,162 | 95,514 (10.3%) | 1,648 (16.6%) |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 139,135 | 137,049 (14.8%) | 2,086 (21.0%) |
| Ischemic stroke (%) | 33,408 | 32,576 (3.5%) | 832 (8.4%) |
| Hemorrhagic stroke (%) | 8,538 | 8,362 (0.9%) | 176 (1.8%) |
| Ischemic heart disease (%) | 92,466 | 53,126 (5.7%) | 1,039 (10.5%) |
| Depression (%) | 107,609 | 105,493 (11.36%) | 2,116 (21.3%) |
| Osteoporosis (%) | 199,675 | 196,332 (21.1%) | 3,343 (33.7%) |
| Obesity (%) | 340,780 | 337,065 (36.3%) | 3,715 (37.4%) |
| Physical inactivity (%) | 513,526 | 507,495 (54.7%) | 6,031 (60.8%) |
| Heavy alcohol consumption (%) | 100,300 | 99,374 (10.7%) | 926 (9.3%) |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 672,659 | 664,801 (71.6%) | 7,858 (79.2%) |
| Ex-smoker | 86,394 | 85,671 (9.2%) | 723 (7.3%) |
| Current smoker | 179,582 | 178,239 (19.2%) | 1,342 (13.5%) |
PD, Parkinson’s disease.