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. 2023 Feb 14;17:1094241. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1094241

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Copyright © 2023 Crawford, Taylor, Park, Rios, Bunch, Greenwood, Lopez Sanchez and Gonzales.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mean (+SE) baseline paw-lick latencies of PD 60 male and female rats (n = 8–9/sex). Rats were pre-treated with fentanyl (10 or 100 μg/kg) or saline from PD 4 to PD 9. *Significantly different from rats in the saline-pre-treatment group.