Table 4.
Summary of human and animal studies regarding early antibiotics and NEC.
| Study Design | Increased risk of NEC | Decreased risk of NEC | No difference in NEC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized clinical trials | Egan 1976 Grylack 1978 Fast 1994 Siu 1998 |
Boyle 1978 Tagare 2010 |
|
| Retrospective clinical studies | Cotten 2009 Alexander 2011 Kuppala 2011 Ghany 2012 Cantey 2018 Esmaeilizand 2018 Raba 2019 Chen 2022 Zhu 2022 Vatne 2022 |
Krediet 2003 Berkhout 2018 Ting 2019 Li 2020 Dierikx 2022 |
Greenberg 2019 |
| Animal studies | Chaaban 2022 | Sangild 2006 Jiang 2012 Jensen 2014 Nguyen 2016 Birck 2016 |