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. 2023 Feb 28:1–19. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1038/s41417-023-00597-z

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 4 — There are different types of EVs, including microvesicles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, that can be collected from human cells. These EVs can carry proteins, DNA, and different types of RNA from one cell to another. These exosomes can be engineered to target a specific tissue while carrying our desired cargo like CRISPR/Cas system. This approach allows for autologous tissue-specific gene editing.