Table 3.

Hyperparameter details used in the VGG-16 model according to our dataset.

Layer (type)	Output shape	Param
Vgg1 (Functional)	(None, 7, 7, 512)	14,714,688
flatten_ 1 (Flatten)	(None, 25,088)	0
dense_5 (Dense)	(None, 1,024)	25,691,136
dense_6 (Dense)	(None, 512)	524,800
dense_7 (Dense)	(None, 256)	131,328
dropout_ 1 (Dropout)	(None, 256)	0
dense_8 (Dense)	(None, 128)	32,896
dense_9 (Dense)	(None, 2)	516