TABLE 2.
Odd ratios and 95% CIs of smoking behaviors by univariate logistic regression analysis
| Characteristics | Smoking Initiation in nonsmokers | Point smoking in former smokers | Point cessation in smokers | Sustained cessation in smokers | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | OR (95% CI) | No | Yes | OR (95% CI) | Yes | No | OR (95% CI) | Yes | No | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age | ||||||||||||
| <50 | 69 (16.1) | 5 (5.8) | 1 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 1 | 37 (90.2) | 4 (9.8) | 1 | 37 (90.2) | 4 (9.8) | 1 |
| 50–59 | 275 (64.0) | 44 (50.6) | 2.21 (0.84–5.78) | 64 (62.8) | 38 (37.3) | 0.30 (0.03–3.38) | 330 (78.8) | 89 (21.2) | 2.49 (0.87–7.18) | 330 (81.5) | 75 (18.5) | 2.10 (0.73–6.08) |
| 60–70 | 80 (18.6) | 37 (42.5) | 6.38 (2.37–17.13) | 135 (85.4) | 23 (14.6) | 0.09 (0.01–0.99) | 278 (72.6) | 105 (27.4) | 3.49 (1.22–10.04) | 278 (78.1) | 78 (21.9) | 2.60 (0.90–7.50) |
| 70‐ | 6 (1.4) | 1 (1.2) | 2.30 (0.23–23.02) | 19 (90.5) | 2 (9.5) | 0.05 (0.00–0.87) | 32 (72.7) | 12 (27.3) | 3.47 (1.02–11.83) | 32 (76.2) | 10 (23.8) | 2.89 (0.83–10.11) |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 44 (89.8) | 84 (96.6) | 1 | 201 (76.1) | 63 (23.9) | 1 | 673 (76.9) | 202 (23.1) | 1 | 673 (80.9) | 159 (19.1) | 1 |
| Female | 386 (10.2) | 3 (3.5) | 0.004 (0.001–0.01) | 18 (90.0) | 2 (10.0) | 0.35 (0.08–1.57) | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) | 6.66 (1.98–22.35) | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) | 8.47 (2.52–28.46) |
| Marriage | ||||||||||||
| Married | 375 (87.2) | 81 (93.1) | 1 | 211 (76.7) | 64 (22.3) | 1 | 643 (76.6) | 196 (23.4) | 1 | 643 (80.6) | 155 (19.4) | 1 |
| Others | 55 (12.8) | 6 (6.9) | 0.50 (0.21–1.21) | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 0.41 (0.05–3.36) | 34 (70.8) | 14 (29.2) | 1.35 (0.71–2.57) | 34 (73.9) | 12 (26.1) | 1.46 (0.74–2.89) |
| Annual household income (¥) | ||||||||||||
| <20,000 | 114 (26.5) | 29 (33.3) | 1 | 46 (79.3) | 12 (20.7) | 1 | 136 (73.1) | 50 (26.9) | 1 | 136 (76.8) | 41 (23.2) | 1 |
| 20,000‐29,999 | 57 (13.3) | 17 (19.5) | 1.17 (0.60–2.31) | 42 (80.8) | 10 (19.2) | 0.91 (0.36–2.33) | 147 (74.6) | 50 (25.4) | 0.93 (0.59–1.46) | 147 (79.5) | 38 (20.5) | 0.86 (0.52–1.41) |
| 30,000‐49,999 | 214 (49.8) | 25 (28.7) | 0.46 (0.26–0.82) | 75 (70.1) | 32 (29.9) | 1.64 (0.77–3.49) | 226 (74.6) | 77 (25.4) | 0.93 (0.61–1.40) | 226 (78.2) | 63 (21.8) | 0.92 (0.59–1.45) |
| 50,000‐ | 45 (10.5) | 16 (18.4) | 1.40 (0.69–2.82) | 56 (83.6) | 11 (16.4) | 0.75 (0.30–1.86) | 166 (83.8) | 32 (16.2) | 0.52 (0.32–0.86) | 166 (86.9) | 25 (13.1) | 0.50 (0.29–0.43) |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary school or less | 95 (22.1) | 46 (52.9) | 1 | 71 (69.6) | 31 (30.4) | 1 | 255 (76.7) | 78 (23.4) | 1 | 255 (81.0) | 60 (19.1) | 1 |
| Junior high/high school | 330 (76.7) | 41 (46.0) | 0.25 (0.15–0.41) | 115 (78.8) | 31 (21.2) | 0.62 (0.35–1.10) | 366 (76.1) | 115 (23.9) | 1.02 (0.74–1.43) | 366 (79.7) | 93 (20.3) | 1.08 (0.75–1.55) |
| College/above | 5 (1.2) | 1 (1.2) | 0.41 (0.05–3.64) | 33 (91.7) | 3 (8.3) | 0.21 (0.06–0.73) | 56 (76.7) | 17 (23.3) | 0.99 (0.55–1.81) | 56 (80.0) | 14 (20.0) | 1.06 (0.55–2.03) |
| Occupational exposure | ||||||||||||
| No | 82 (19.1) | 31 (35.6) | 0.001 | 179 (92.3) | 15 (7.7) | 1 | 487 (80.0) | 122 (20.0) | 1 | 487 (84.7) | 88 (15.3) | 1 |
| Yes | 348 (80.9) | 56 (64.4) | 0.43 (0.26–0.70) | 40 (44.4) | 50 (55.6) | 14.92 (7.62–29.18) | 190 (68.4) | 88 (31.7) | 1.84 (1.34–2.55) | 190 (70.6) | 79 (29.4) | 2.30 (1.63–3.26) |
| Prior lung disease | ||||||||||||
| No | 419 (97.4) | 82 (94.3) | 1 | 177 (76.3) | 55 (23.7) | 1 | 616 (77.0) | 184 (23.0) | 1 | 616 (80.7) | 147 (19.3) | 1 |
| Yes | 11 (2.6) | 5 (5.8) | 2.32 (0.79–6.86) | 42 (80.8) | 10 (19.2) | 0.77 (0.36–1.63) | 61 (70.1) | 26 (29.9) | 1.43 (0.88–2.32) | 61 (75.3) | 20 (24.7) | 1.37 (0.80–2.35) |
| Prior screening number | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 35 (8.1) | 6 (6.9) | 1 | 8 (80.0) | 2 (20.0) | 1 | 36 (53.7) | 31 (46.3) | 1 | 36 (59.0) | 25 (41.0) | 1 |
| 2 | 77 (17.9) | 14 (16.1) | 1.06 (0.38–2.99) | 32 (65.3) | 17 (34.7) | 2.12 (0.41–11.14) | 82 (70.7) | 34 (29.3) | 1.00 (0.44–2.24) | 82 (72.6) | 31 (27.4) | 1.17 (0.50–2.77) |
| 3 | 216 (50.2) | 39 (44.8) | 1.05 (0.42–2.67) | 43 (59.7) | 29 (40.3) | 2.70 (0.53–13.62) | 143 (68.1) | 67 (31.9) | 1.56 (0.75–3.24) | 143 (73.0) | 51 (27.0) | 1.57 (0.71–3.46) |
| 4 | 95 (22.1) | 16 (18.4) | 0.98 (0.35–2.71) | 28 (80.0) | 7 (20.0) | 1.00 (0.17–5.79) | 108 (75.2) | 35 (24.5) | 1.09 (0.50–2.36) | 108 (79.4) | 28 (20.6) | 1.15 (0.50–2.64) |
| 5 | 7 (1.6) | 12 (13.4) | 10.00 (2.80–35.69) | 108 (91.5) | 10 (8.5) | 0.37 (0.07–1.99) | 308 (87.8) | 43 (12.3) | 0.74 (0.36–1.53) | 308 (91.1) | 30 (8.9) | 0.61 (0.28–1.35) |
| Positive screening result | ||||||||||||
| No | 339 (78.8) | 71 (81.6) | 1 | 174 (76.7) | 53 (23.4) | 1 | 530 (75.8) | 169 (24.2) | 1 | 530 (80.1) | 132 (19.9) | 1 |
| At least one | 91 (21.2) | 16 (18.4) | 0.84 (0.47–1.51) | 45 (79.0) | 12 (21.1) | 0.87 (0.43–1.78) | 147 (78.2) | 41 (21.8) | 1.07 (0.74–1.55) | 147 (80.8) | 35 (19.2) | 1.10 (0.73–1.64) |
| Pack‐year | ||||||||||||
| <20 | — | — | — | 50 (61.0) | 32 (39.0) | 1 | 102 (64.2) | 57 (35.9) | 1 | 102 (67.6) | 49 (32.5) | 1 |
| 20–39 | — | — | — | 122 (82.4) | 26 (17.6) | 0.33 (0.18–0.61) | 352 (79.1) | 93 (20.9) | 0.47 (0.33–0.70) | 352 (83.0) | 72 (17.0) | 0.43 (0.28–0.65) |
| 40‐ | — | — | — | 47 (87.0) | 7 (13.0) | 0.23 (0.09–0.58) | 223 (79.1) | 59 (20.9) | 0.48 (0.31–0.74) | 223 (82.9) | 46 (17.1) | 0.43 (0.27–0.68) |
| Quitting years | ||||||||||||
| 0–4 | — | — | — | 165 (75.3) | 32 (49.2) | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 5–10 | — | — | — | 9 (4.1) | 7 (10.8) | 4.01 (1.39–11.55) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| >10 | — | — | — | 8 (3.7) | 12 (18.5) | 7.73 (2.93–20.43) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Unknown | — | — | — | 37 (16.9) | 14 (21.5) | 1.95 (0.95–4.02) | — | — | — | — | — | — |