Table 1.

Themes identified from the included studies.

Author, year	Impact on clinical decision-making				Enhancing the efficiency, safety, and quality of care				Handheld device usability, uptake, and acceptance
	Identifies elements	Quantifies elements	Synthesizes elements	Identifies elements		Quantifies elements	Synthesizes elements	Identifies elements		Quantifies elements		Synthesizes elements
Bakken et al [28], 2014	✓	✓
Cato et al [41], 2014								✓
Cleaver et al [31], 2021	✓
Doran et al [39], 2010								—a		—		—
Farrell [6], 2016				✓				✓
Godwin et al [32], 2015	✓	✓
Hsiao and Chen [43], 2012								—		—		—
Johansson et al [34], 2012				✓				✓
Johansson et al [44], 2014				—		—	—	—		—		—
Kartika et al [52], 2021	✓	✓
Kerns et al [42], 2021	✓	✓	✓
Lin [45], 2014				✓
McCulloh et al [46], 2018								✓		✓
Momtahan et al [53], 2007								✓		✓		✓
Moore and Jayewardene [48], 2014								—		—		—
O’Donnell et al [51], 2019	✓	✓	✓					✓		✓		✓
Reynolds et al [54], 2019				✓		✓		✓		✓
Ricks et al [50], 2015				✓		✓
Ruland [35], 2002	✓
Sedgwick et al [37], 2017	✓
Sedgwick et al [38], 2019	✓			✓
Sefton et al [33], 2017	✓	✓	✓					✓		✓		✓
Siebert et al [29], 2017				✓		✓
Siebert et al [30], 2019				✓		✓
Shen et al [47], 2018								—		—		—
Singh et al [36], 2017	✓	✓	✓
Spat et al [40], 2017	✓	✓
Yuan et al [49], 2013								✓			✓		✓

^aSpecific handheld computer device intervention not included in research or indicated by authors.