TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the included studies in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Country | Eligibility | Follow-up course | Number of cases | Age of the cases (Years) | Intervention measure | Outcome indicator | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNFi | Control | TNFi | Control | TNFi | Control | |||||
| Gorman et al. (2002) | Germany | AS | 16 weeks | 20 | 20 | 38 ± 10 | 39 ± 10 | Etanercept, 25 mg, twice weekly | Placebo | ②④⑥⑨ |
| Davis et al. (2003) | United States | AS | 24 weeks | 138 | 139 | 42.1 | 41.9 | Etanercept, 25 mg, twice weekly | Placebo | ②③④⑥⑧⑨ |
| Calin et al. (2004) | United Kingdom | AS | 12 weeks | 45 | 39 | 45.3 ± 9.5 | 40.7 ± 11.4 | Etanercept, 25 mg, twice weekly | Placebo | ⑥⑧⑨ |
| van der Heijde et al. (2006a) | Netherlands | AS | 12 weeks | A: 155 | 51 | A. 41.5 ± 11 | 40.1 ± 10.9 | A. Etanercept, 50 mg, once weekly | Placebo | ①②③④⑤⑥⑨ |
| B: 150 | B. 39.8 ± 10.7 | B. Etanercept, 25 mg, twice weekly | ||||||||
| Dougados et al. (2010) | France | AS | 12 weeks | 39 | 43 | 46 ± 11 | 48 ± 10 | Etanercept, 50 mg, once weekly | Placebo | ①②⑥⑦ |
| Huang et al. (2010) | China | AS | 6 weeks | 74 | 78 | 30.4 ± 9.8 | 31.8 ± 9.5 | Etanercept, 50 mg, once weekly | Placebo | ①⑤⑥ |
| Huang et al. (2011) | China | AS | 6 weeks | 300 | 100 | 29.1 ± 8.7 | 28.4 ± 8.0 | Etanercept, 50 mg, once weekly | Placebo | ①②⑦ |
| van der Heijde et al. (2006b) | Netherlands | AS | 24 weeks | 208 | 107 | 41.7 ± 11.7 | 43.4 ± 11.3 | Adalimumab, 40 mg, every other week | Placebo | ①②③⑤⑥ |
| Huang et al. (2014) | China | AS | 12 weeks | 229 | 115 | 30.1 ± 8.7 | 29.6 ± 7.5 | Adalimumab, 40 mg, every other week | Placebo | ①②③ |
| van der Heijde et al. (2018) | Netherlands | AS | 16 weeks | 87 | 90 | 26.5 ± 8.6 | 26.4 ± 8.4 | Adalimumab, 40 mg, every other week | Placebo | ①②③④⑤⑥ |
| Inman et al. (2008) | Canada | AS | 24 weeks | A: 138 | 77 | A: 30.0–47.0 | 31.0–50.0 | A. Golimumab, 50 mg, every 4 weeks | Placebo | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨ |
| B: 140 | B: 29.0–46.0 | B. Golimumab, 100 mg, every 4 weeks | ||||||||
| Bao et al. (2014) | China | AS | 16 weeks | 108 | 105 | 30.5 ± 10.27 | 30.6 ± 8.60 | Golimumab, 50 mg, every 4 weeks | Placebo | ①②③④⑥⑦ |
| Ma Z. et al. (2017) | China | AS | 24 weeks | 13 | 12 | 28.2 ± 6.8 | 31.2 ± 5.6 | Golimumab, 50 mg, every 4 weeks | Placebo | ①④ |
| Deodhar et al. (2018) | United States | AS | 12 weeks | 105 | 103 | 38.4 ± 10.1 | 39.2 ± 10.8 | Golimumab, 2 mg/kg at 0, 4, and 12 weeks | Placebo | ①②③⑨ |
| Deodhar et al. (2022) | United States | AS | 12 weeks | 59 | 53 | 28–54 | 25–51 | Golimumab, 2 mg/kg at 0, 4, and 12 weeks | Placebo | ①②⑤⑥⑧ |
| Braun et al. (2002) | Germany | AS | 12 weeks | 34 | 35 | 40.6 ± 8.0 | 39.0 ± 9.1 | Infliximab, 5 mg/kg at 0, 2, and 6 weeks | Placebo | ①②③④ |
| van der Heijde et al. (2005) | Netherlands | AS | 24 weeks | 201 | 78 | 40.0 | 41.0 | Infliximab, 5 mg/kg at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 18 weeks | Placebo | ①②③④⑤⑥⑧⑨ |
| Inman et al. (2010) | Canada | AS | 12 weeks | 39 | 37 | 42.9 ± 10.4 | 39.3 ± 9.0 | Infliximab, 3 mg/kg at 0, 2, and 6 weeks | Placebo | ①④⑤⑥⑧ |
Note: TNFi, tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors; AS, ankylosing spondylitis; ①, overall adverse event; ②, serious adverse event; ③, serious infection; ④, upper respiratory tract infection; ⑤, nasopharyngitis; ⑦, malignancy; ⑥, injection-site reaction; ⑧, headache; ⑨, diarrhea.