Figure 1.

Schematic diagram of the hypothesized model illustrating the potential role of sleep problems as a mediator of the relationship between out-of-home placement experiences and two subsequent outcomes (criminal arrests and internalizing symptoms in later life). Out-of-home placement refers to placement for abuse or neglect and placement for abuse or neglect plus delinquency, compared to no out-of-home placement. Sleep problems were assessed with responses to questions about trouble falling asleep, waking up too early, and sleeping too long. The latent factor of internalizing symptoms includes scores on standardized assessments of depression and anxiety.