Table 4.
Structural equation models testing whether placement experiences predict adult criminal arrests and internalizing symptoms of anxiety and depression via sleep problems for White and Black participants separately
| White | Black | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta | SE | 95% CI | P | Beta | SE | 95% CI | P | |
| Total effect | 0.01 | 0.05 | −0.12, 0.09 | .887 | −0.07 | 0.09 | −0.25, 0.09 | .458 |
| Direct: Placement only -> Adult arrests | −0.03 | 0.06 | −0.16, 0.08 | .672 | 0.11 | 0.11 | −0.34. 0.07 | .283 |
| Placement only -> Sleep problems | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.02, 0.42 | .062 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.03, 0.61 | .035 |
| Sleep problems -> Adult arrests | 0.18 | 0.13 | −0.04, 0.50 | .180 | 0.15 | 0.18 | −0.35, 0.54 | .519 |
| Placement only -> Sleep problems -> Adult arrests | 0.03 | 0.04 | −0.00, 0.18 | .388 | 0.05 | 0.07 | −0.05, 0.25 | .351 |
| Total effect | 0.30 | 0.17 | 0.16, 0.42 | <.001 | 0.26 | 0.07 | −0.01, 0.50 | .042 |
| Direct: Placement for CM & delinquency-> Adult arrests | 0.31 | 0.13 | 0.14, 0.55 | .019 | 0.20 | 0.18 | −0.26, 0.49 | .291 |
| Placement for CM & delinquency -> Sleep problems | 0.28 | 0.18 | −0.08, 0.63 | .161 | 0.51 | 0.18 | 0.09, 0.75 | .047 |
| Sleep problems -> Adult arrests | −0.05 | 0.20 | −0.73, 0.29 | .870 | 0.13 | 0.20 | −0.19, 0.78 | .542 |
| Placement for CM & delinquency->Sleep problems->Adult arrests | −0.01 | 0.12 | −0.35, 0.10 | .919 | 0.07 | 0.13 | −0.07, 0.72 | .619 |
| Total effect | 0.03 | 0.06 | −0.11, 0.14 | .619 | −0.05 | 0.09 | −0.22, 0.13 | .612 |
| Direct: Placement only -> Internalizing symptoms | −0.02 | 0.07 | −0.16, 0.10 | .799 | −0.14 | 0.11 | −0.35, 0.08 | .222 |
| Placement only -> Sleep problems | 0.20 | 0.10 | −0.01, 0.38 | .058 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.05, 0.55 | .005 |
| Sleep problems -> Internalizing | 0.24 | 0.14 | −0.01, 0.55 | .083 | 0.27 | 0.16 | −0.01, 0.57 | .085 |
| Placement only -> Sleep problems -> Internalizing | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.00, 0.20 | .256 | 0.09 | 0.07 | −0.01, 0.29 | .190 |
| Total effect | 0.06 | 0.07 | −0.06, 0.21 | .334 | −0.01 | 0.14 | −0.28, 0.28 | .962 |
| Direct: Placement for CM & delinquency->Internalizing | 0.01 | 0.10 | −0.19, 0.19 | .906 | −0.25 | 0.20 | −0.73, 0.07 | .229 |
| Placement for CM & delinquency -> Sleep problems | 0.28 | 0.17 | −0.11, 0.58 | .109 | 0.48 | 0.15 | 0.06, 0.71 | .001 |
| Sleep problems -> Internalizing | 0.20 | 0.17 | −0.16, 0.55 | .265 | 0.51 | 0.20 | 0.02, 0.85 | .012 |
| Placement for CM & delinquency->Sleep problems->Internalizing | 0.05 | 0.08 | −0.02, 0.28 | .478 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.01, 0.56 | .103 |
Note. CM = child maltreatment. Placement only = placement for maltreatment only. Comparison group for both “placement only” and “placement for CM & delinquency” is “no-placement”. Beta = standardized coefficient; SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval. Controlling for age, sex. See Supplemental Material for model fit statistics.