Table 1.
Summary data of demographic, biological and clinical characteristics of men in the Speedwell study phase 1 and 5 restricted to participant with at least one valid cortisol measure at phase 5 analysed according to social class.
|
Non-Manuala |
Manualb |
Total |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study phase | n | Mean (SD) or % | n | Mean (SD) or % | P-value | n | Mean (SD) or % | |
| Age | 5 | 342 | 71.6 (4.1) | 495 | 71.7 (4.2) | 0.63 | 837 | 71.7 (4.2) |
| School leaving age | 5 | 331 | 15.2 (2.8) | 471 | 14.2 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 802 | 14.6 (1.9) |
| Retirement age | 5 | 309 | 62.2 (3.6) | 452 | 62.8 (3.7) | 0.03 | 761 | 62.5 (3.7) |
| Marital status (%) | ||||||||
| Married | 5 | 278 | 83.7 | 372 | 78.0 | 0.04 | 650 | 80.4 |
| Non-marriedc | 5 | 54 | 16.3 | 105 | 22.0 | 159 | 19.7 | |
| Smoking habits (%) | ||||||||
| Current smokers | 1 | 124 | 36.2 | 237 | 47.9 | 0.001 | 361 | 43.1 |
| Non-/ex-smoker | 1 | 219 | 63.9 | 258 | 52.1 | 477 | 56.9 | |
| Diabetes (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 4 | 1.2 | 6 | 1.2 | 0.95 | 10 | 1.2 |
| No | 1 | 339 | 98.8 | 489 | 98.8 | 828 | 98.8 | |
| Yes | 5 | 24 | 7.3 | 35 | 7.4 | 0.99 | 59 | 7.3 |
| No | 5 | 304 | 92.7 | 441 | 92.7 | 745 | 92.7 | |
| Depression (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 29 | 8.7 | 52 | 10.9 | 0.31 | 81 | 10.0 |
| No | 5 | 303 | 91.3 | 425 | 89.1 | 728 | 90.0 | |
| Anxiety (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 30 | 9.1 | 43 | 9.1 | 0.99 | 73 | 9.1 |
| No | 5 | 300 | 90.9 | 428 | 90.9 | 728 | 90.9 | |
| Stress on day 2 (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 35 | 12.0 | 33 | 8.4 | 0.13 | 68 | 9.9 |
| No | 5 | 258 | 88.1 | 359 | 91.6 | 617 | 90.1 | |
| Use of steroidsd | ||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 25 | 7.1 | 51 | 10.8 | 0.13 | 76 | 9.5 |
| No | 5 | 304 | 92.4 | 421 | 89.2 | 725 | 90.5 | |
| Plasma lipids (nmol/l) | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol | 1 | 335 | 5.9 (1.1) | 474 | 5.8 (1.2) | 0.44 | 809 | 5.8 (1.2) |
| HDL-C | 1 | 333 | 1.1 (0.3) | 472 | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.05 | 805 | 1.1 (0.4) |
| LDL-C | 1 | 328 | 4.5 (1.2) | 459 | 4.3 (1.2) | 0.15 | 787 | 4.4 (1.2) |
| VLDL-C | 1 | 316 | 0.9 (0.6) | 448 | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.59 | 764 | 0.9 (0.6) |
| Triglycerides | 1 | 332 | 1.6 (1.0) | 469 | 1.6 (0.9) | 0.58 | 801 | 1.6 (1.0) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 1 | 342 | 133.5 (20.3) | 495 | 136.3 (20.4) | 0.06 | 837 | 135.1 (20.4) |
| 5 | 331 | 160.0 (28.1) | 493 | 161.1 (24.9) | 0.57 | 833 | 160.7 (26.2) | |
| DBP (mmHg) | 1 | 342 | 85.1 (13.1) | 495 | 85.8 (12.4) | 0.46 | 837 | 85.5 (12.7) |
| 5 | 340 | 87.6 (12.7) | 493 | 87.7 (12.9) | 0.91 | 833 | 87.7 (12.8) | |
| ABI | 5 | 307 | 1.2 (0.2) | 455 | 1.2 (0.2) | 0.13 | 762 | 1.2 (0.2) |
| Height (cm) | 1 | 343 | 174.1 (6.9) | 494 | 171.8 (6.6) | < 0.001 | 837 | 172.7 (6.8) |
| 5 | 339 | 172.3 (7.0) | 489 | 170.1 (6.8) | < 0.001 | 828 | 171.1 (6.9) | |
| Weight (kg) | 1 | 342 | 78.0 (10.0) | 492 | 75.6 (10.7) | 0.001 | 834 | 76.6 (10.5) |
| 5 | 339 | 78.9 (11.6) | 491 | 76.8 (12.2) | 0.02 | 830 | 77.7 (12.0) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1 | 342 | 25.7 (2.8) | 492 | 25.6 (3.2) | 0.49 | 834 | 25.6 (3.0) |
| 5 | 338 | 26.6 (3.6) | 489 | 26.5 (3.7) | 0.90 | 827 | 26.5 (3.7) | |
| WHR | 5 | 339 | 1.0 (0.1) | 491 | 1.0 (0.1) | 0.15 | 830 | 1.0 (0.1) |
Summary data given as number (n) and % for categorical variables or number and mean standard deviation, SD) for numerical variables. P-values are from Chi2 test for categorical variables, and from unadjusted linear regression for numerical variables.
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL-C: very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ABI: ankle-brachial index; BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio.
Includes professional (I), intermediate (II) and skilled non-manual (III-NM).
Includes skilled manual (III-M), semi-skilled (IV) and unskilled (V).
Includes single, divorced and widower.
Excludes oral steroids (i.e. prednisolone) as these participants are already excluded from the analysis.