FIG 2.

Current regulations surrounding funding, monitoring and approval of gain-of-function research of concern. A flow chart describing the steps a principal investigator must follow prior to receiving funding or initiating research considered dual-use-research-of-concern (DURC) on pathogens of pandemic potential (P3). The blue shaded box corresponds to the general practices that all investigators carry out at the institutional level described in Fig. 1. Research with the potential to enhance the properties of pathogen is referred for additional oversight. Asterisks (*) indicate an iterative process typically involving 1–3 reviews and revisions.