Predicted complete B vitamin biosynthesis pathways reported in some bacteria colonizing insects (4, 11, 20–22, 38, 45, 47, 49, 61, 65, 66, 90, 92, 98–101). The host column indicates the host reported in the corresponding study, whether it is a specific host-microbe association or not. A red “x” represents either the absence of the pathway or an incomplete pathway, while a green checkmark represents the presence of a complete pathway in the corresponding bacterial genome. Bacterium-host couples are ordered as they appear in Fig. 1, 3, and 4. The image was created with BioRender.