K. pneumoniae antagonizes other Enterobacteriaceae of the gut microbiome in a T6SS-dependent manner. (A) Bacterial killing mediated by Kp52145 and the T6SS mutant 52145-ΔclpV (ΔclpV) against E. cloacae, K. oxytoca, and K. variicola. Mock, PBS-treated prey. The number of recovered target cells following 6 h of incubation in LB is indicated. (B) Bacterial killing mediated by K. oxytoca and its isogeneic clpV mutant (K. oxytoca-ΔclpV), and by K. variicola and its clpV mutant (strain K. variicola-ΔclpV) against 52145-ΔclpV. Mock, PBS-treated prey. The number of recovered target cells following 6 h of incubation in LB is indicated. In all panels, each value is presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). *, P ≤ 0.05; ***, P ≤ 0.001; ****, P ≤ 0.0001; ns, P > 0.05 for the indicated comparisons, which were determined using a one way-ANOVA with the Bonferroni correction for testing multiple comparisons.