Table 1.
Patient and disease characteristics among survivors and non-survivors
| Variables | Survivors (n = 116) | Non-survivors (n = 84) | p-value (Pearson χ2/Fisher's exact test) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comorbidities | |||
| DM, n (%) | 21 (18.1) | 37 (44.1) | 0.0001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 8 (6.9) | 19 (22.6) | 0.0014 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 13 (11.2) | 24 (28.5) | 0.0019 |
| Cerebrovascular event, n (%) | 4 (3.4) | 10 (11.9) | 0.021 |
| Liver diseases, n (%) | 4 (3.4) | 11 (13.1) | 0.01 |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 4 (3.4) | 10 (11.9) | 0.02 |
| COPD, n (%) | 5 (4.3) | 4 (4.8) | 1.0 |
| Thyroid disorders, n (%) | 4 (3.4) | 2 (2.4) | 1.00 |
| Urinary system, n (%) | 8 (6.9) | 1 (1.2) | 0.08 |
| Others, n (%) | 7 (6) | 2 (2.4) | 0.30 |
| AKI stages | |||
| Stage I, n (%) | 21 (18.1) | 6 (7.1) | 0.024 |
| Stage II, n (%) | 30 (25.9) | 6 (7.1) | 0.0007 |
| Stage III, n (%) | 65 (56) | 72 (85.7) | 0.0001 |
| Age-groups | |||
| <30 years, n (%) | 17 (14.7) | 3 (3.6) | 0.008 |
| 30–60 years, n (%) | 57 (49.1) | 36 (42.9) | 0.38 |
| >60 years, n (%) | 42 (36.2) | 45 (53.6) | 0.01 |
| Etiology | |||
| Sepsis, n (%) | 13 (11.2) | 53 (63.1) | 0.0001 |
| Infections, n (%) | 51 (44) | 14 (16.7) | 0.0001 |
| Post-surgery, n (%) | 17 (14.6) | 38 (45.2) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 6 (5.2) | 1 (1.2) | 0.24 |
| Liver disease, n (%) | 4 (3.4) | 9 (10.7) | 0.04 |
| Drug induced, n (%) | 11 (9.5) | 0 | 0.003 |
| Poisoning, n (%) | 0 | 4 (4.7) | 0.018 |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 4 (3.4) | 6 (7.1) | 0.23 |
| Alcohol abuse, n (%) | 5 (4.3) | 0 | 0.075 |
| Neurological, n (%) | 7 (6) | 27 (32.1) | 0.0001 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| BMI median (range) | 24.6 (21.9–32.5) | 24.1 (18.1–29) | 0.15 |
| BSA median (range) | 1.85 (1.54–2.03) | 1.84 (1.51–2.04) | 0.17 |
| SOFA score median (range) | 8 (1–16) | 12 (2–18) | 0.0001 |
| Urine output median (range) | 0.4 (0.1–0.6) | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 0.02 |
| GFR median (range) | 36 (5–123) | 24 (4–107) | 0.004 |
| RRT | |||
| RRT requirement on admission, n (%) | 16 (13.8) | 25 (29.8) | 0.0058 |
| Mechanical ventilation | |||
| Mechanical ventilation given on admission | 18 (15.52) | 66 (78.6) | 0.0001 |
| Inotrope requirement | |||
| Inotrope not required, n (%) | 30 (25.9) | 8 (9.5) | 0.003 |
| Inotrope given = 1, n (%) | 74 (63.8) | 36 (42.9) | 0.003 |
| Inotrope given = 2, n (%) | 12 (10.3) | 32 (38.1) | <0.0001 |
| Inotrope given = 3, n (%) | 0 | 8 (9.5) | 0.0007 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment