Table 2.
Demographics, predisposing, and precipitating factors in study and control group
| Variables | Delirium group n = 207 (22%) | Nondelirium group n = 100 (78%) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, mean | 58.19 | 47.85 | 0.001* |
| Sex (male/female) | 162/45 | 72/28 | NS |
| Medical case | 135 | 52 | |
| Surgical case | 72 | 48 | |
| Predisposing factors | |||
| Hypertension | 103 | 39 | NS |
| Diabetes | 94 | 35 | NS |
| Hypothyroidism | 11 | 12 | 0.037* |
| Ischemic heart disease (IHD) | 23 | 8 | NS |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 7 | 6 | NS |
| Chronic liver disease | 12 | 1 | NS |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 11 | 3 | NS |
| Malignancy | 10 | 10 | NS |
| Others (AKI, collagen vascular disease) | 8 | 0 | NS |
| Addiction | |||
| Alcohol history | 30 | 4 | 0.006* |
| Tobacco history | 4 | 0 | NS |
| Smoking history | 16 | 2 | 0.045* |
| Metabolic | |||
| Serum sodium (Na), mean | 136.18 | 136.54 | NS |
| Serum potassium (K), mean | 3.98 | 4.13 | NS |
| BUN | 54.84 | 33.03 | 0.001* |
| Creatinine | 1.33 | 0.95 | 0.015* |
| Serum albumin | 3.06 | 3.47 | 0.001* |
| Total bilirubin | 1.55 | 0.77 | 0.014* |
| Serum AST | 48.32 | 41.58 | NS |
| Serum ALT | 37.54 | 30.26 | NS |
| Precipitating factors | |||
| APACHE-II score, mean | 15.72 | 10.90 | 0.001* |
| Medications | |||
| Opioids | 58 | 16 | 0.021* |
| Sedatives | 34 | 0 | 0.001* |
| Steroids | 73 | 12 | 0.001* |
| Anticonvulsant | 76 | 20 | 0.003* |
| Vasopressors/septic | 44 | 6 | 0.001* |
| Mechanical ventilation | |||
| Noninvasive | 37 | 7 | 0.011* |
| Invasive | 77 | 11 | 0.001* |
| ICU bed | |||
| Cubicle | 37 | 7 | NS |
| Noncubicle | 170 | 93 | 0.011* |
| With window | 84 | 45 | NS |
| Without window | 123 | 55 | NS |
| Proximity of ICU bed to nursing station | |||
| Entrance/Exit | 42 | 11 | |
| Washroom | 25 | 7 | |
| Nursing station | 89 | 22 | 0.001* |
Analysis by Chi-square (categorical variables) or t-test (continuous variables).
*p-value <0.05 was significant