a, Confocal micrographs showing spermatogenesis of late-L4 stage hermaphrodites expressing PEI 1::mTagRFP-T in indicated mutants. sc – spermatocyte, rb – residual body, st – spermatid. Images represent two biologically independent experiments. Scale bars: 10 μm. b-h, Confocal maximum intensity projections of hermaphrodite-derived spermatozoa within the spermatheca expressing indicated proteins. In all panels, except c, a piece of a gonad arm expressing GFP::3xFLAG::WAGO-3 is visible in the top part of the image. Dashed lines indicate spermatheca. Images represent two biologically independent experiments. Scale bars: 10 μm.