CFTR mRNA expression decreased during SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection in the presence of E protein PBM. (A and B) CFTR mRNA expression in Calu-3 cells (A) and lungs (B) from mice infected with SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 with and without E protein PBM was analyzed by qPCR at 48 hpi and 4 dpi, respectively. (C and D) Edema scores examined in lung samples taken from K18-hACE2 or BALB/c mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV parental or mutant viruses, respectively, as indicated in Materials and Methods (n = 3/group), and euthanized at 2 and 4 days postinfection (dpi). Mean and SD of cumulative histopathological lesion scores. Unpaired t test: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.