FIGURE 3.

Treatment algorithm in pulmonary renal syndrome. Treatment depends on the underlying cause; however, it is often a combination of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant. Plasmapheresis can be considered in certain groups. Treatment typically consists of an induction phase followed by a maintenance phase. DAH: diffuse alveolar haemorrhage; AAV: ANCA-associated vasculitis; ANCA: anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies; GPA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis; MPA: microscopic polyangiitis; EGPA: eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis; GBM: glomerular basement membrane; APS: antiphospholipid syndrome; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; CYC: cyclophosphamide; PLEX: plasmapheresis; IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulin; MMF: mycophenolate mofetil; AZA: azathioprine; MTX: methotrexate.