Extended Data Table 2:

Caller characteristics before and after the pandemic outbreak

		Female		Age < 30		Age > 60		Voice call		Known caller
Country	Helpline	pre	post	pre	post	pre	post	pre	post	pre	post	N (calls)
Germany	Telefonseelsorge	68.6	68.4	15.5	14.8	29.0	31.2	88.6	90.2	.	.	1,534,509
France	S.O.S. Amitié	54.0	55.8	4.3	5.2	17.9	18.0	95.8	95.7	.	.	1,153,029
Netherlands	De Luisterlijn	65.9	66.6	8.9	8.6	18.4	23.7	90.9	90.3	.	.	454,820
Germany	NgK children line	39.1	40.7	100	100	0	0	100	100	11.8	10.2	208,924
Belgium	Tele-Onthaal	66.5	67.3	13.3	15.6	28.6	30.2	87.0	86.0	42.9	41.3	189,386
Austria	Telefonseelsorge	67.3	62.7	9.1	8.1	31.8	36.3	100	100	.	.	90,129
China	Hope Line	49.2	54.7	61.6	66.1	0.4	0.3	100	100	29.6	31.4	65,519
Italy	Telefono Amico	43.3	34.5	5.5	7.2	9.7	6.3	98.1	92.4	.	.	54,999
Slovenia	Zaupni Samarijan	45.6	48.7	0.7	0.6	8.9	9.8	100	100	.	.	43,494
Germany	NgK parent line	74.8	73.4	11.4	10.7	8.4	7.5	100	100	10.3	9.0	31,363
Israel	Sahar	66.8	69.3	38.5	41.2	1.1	1.5	0	0	50.7	40.8	10,099
Lebanon	Embrace	56.5	50.6	74.1	56.2	4.6	9.7	100	100	11.5	17.6	5,020

Shares of callers belonging to the catergory indicated in the column header, pre and post March 1, 2020. Full dataset, covering calls from 1 January 2019 to the respective end of available data, see Extended Data Table 1a. Caller sex and age are not observed for all calls. Voice calls include phone and Voice-Over-IP calls, as opposed to text based conversations (online chats, messaging apps). Known callers are defined as individuals who repeatedly call the helpline and are therefore known to staff. Further details on individual helplines are available in the Supplementary Information.