Table 3.
Fibrotic Protein Expression
| Protein | Controls | IQR | Canagliflozin | IQR | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α‐fodrin | 0.92 | 0.86, 1.02 | 0.78 | 0.65, 0.84 | 0.015* |
| α‐actinin | 1.06 | 0.87, 1.15 | 0.75 | 0.72, 0.83 | 0.10 |
| β‐actin | 0.85 | 0.49, 1.00 | 0.28 | 0.26, 0.30 | 0.08* |
| Connexin‐43 | 0.96 | 0.93, 1.09 | 0.66 | 0.59, 0.90 | 0.014* |
| Desmin | 0.45 | 0.34, 0.54 | 0.68 | 0.53, 0.89 | 0.09 |
| Filamin | 0.99 | 0.91, 1.1 | 1.06 | 0.91, 1.28 | 0.51 |
| MCP‐1 | 1.03 | 0.81, 1.14 | 0.47 | 0.29, 0.73 | 0.028* |
| MMP13 | 1.0 | 0.89, 1.24 | 0.76 | 0.70, 0.77 | 0.021* |
| mTOR | 0.94 | 0.60, 1.45 | 0.79 | 0.61, 0.94 | 0.57 |
| TIMP2 | 1.1 | 0.64, 1.21 | 0.27 | 0.23, 0.41 | 0.002* |
| Troponin I | 0.98 | 0.91, 1.20 | 0.67 | 0.63, 0.82 | 0.007* |
| Troponin T | 0.85 | 0.81, 1.30 | 0.77 | 0.66, 0.94 | 0.16 |
| Vimentin | 1.04 | 0.56, 1.45 | 0.23 | 0.19, 0.33 | 0.07 |
Canagliflozin‐treated (n=8) swine had decreased expression of α‐fodrin, β‐actin, connexin‐43, MCP‐1, MMP13, TIMP2, and troponin I compared with control (n=8). There were no significant differences in expression of α‐actinin, desmin, filamin, mTOR, troponin T, and vimentin. Values expressed as fold change compared with average value in control group.
IQR indicates interquartile range; MCP‐1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MMP13, matrix metalloproteinase 13; and mTOR, mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin.
*
P<0.05.