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. 2023 Jan 25;12(3):e026590. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.026590

Table 4.

Effect of Social Determinants of Health on Medical Devices or Transplantation, k=8 Studies

Social determinants of health Increased risk Decreased risk No statistically significant association found
Age Younger 70 Older 48 61
Sex Male 30 , 48 , 70 Female 61
State Medicaid expansion 29
Black race 30, 48
Uninsured 48 13, 30, 31, 61
Race and ethnicity 29, 31, 70
Education 13, 30, 31
Income 13, 31
Urban/rural 13
Neighborhood‐level socioeconomic status 30