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. 2023 Feb 20;7(2):143–170. doi: 10.20411/pai.v7i2.537

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Figure 4. — Inflammatory dysregulation between cytokine microenvironment and antibody production. Correlation analysis of inflammatory marker plasma concentration and anti-spike antibody production across disease severity. Across all soluble proinflammatory markers, 6 showed a statistically significant positive correlation between cytokine or epithelial marker and antibody quantity regardless of COVID-19 disease severity, including ICAM (P < 0.001), IL-1β (P = 0.0233), IL-4 (P < 0.001), IL-6 (P = 0.037), TNFα (P < 0.001), and Syndecan (P < 0.001).