Table 1.

Top 20 miRNAs with ≥42 reads in two biological replicates of hMSC-EVs

miRNA	Known Biological Functions
1) hsa-miR-100-3p	Alleviates neurodegeneration and activation of microglia (Li et al., 2019)
2) hsa-miR-26b-5p	Regulates microglial inflammatory response by targeting IL-6 after brain injury (Kang et al., 2018).
3) hsa-let-7c-5p	Inhibits microglial activation and alleviates neuroinflammation (Li et al., 2018).
4) hsa-miR-335-5p	Reduces neurodegeneration after brain injury (Liu et al., 2015).
5) hsa-miR-423-3p	Exerts antiapoptotic effects by inhibiting caspase-6 (Li et al., 2014)
6) has-let-7i-5p	Protects brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxygen glucose deprivation by decreasing toll-like receptor 4 expression (Xiang et al., 2017).
7) hsa-miR-409-3p	Promotes microglial migration and activation (Hu et al. 2021)
8) hsa-let-7g-5p	Reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and repairs leaky blood-brain barrier after brain injury (Rom et al. 2015; Bernstein and Rom, 2020).
9) hsa-miR-494-3p	Reduces neurodegeneration by inhibiting histone deacetylase 3 after brain injury (Zhao et al., 2019)
10) hsa-miR-654-3p	Regulates macrophage migration inhibitor factor (MIF), inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT and reduces downstream inflammatory cytokine production (Tu et al., 2019).
11) hsa-miR-10b-5p	Regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression (Varendi et al., 2014).
12) hsa-miR-320a	Regulates reactive astrocyte-mediated neuronal damage by regulating ATP release (Fatima et al., 2017).
13) hsa-miR-152-3p	Protects neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation by upregulating NRF-2 (Zhang et al., 2019).
14) hsa-miR-98-5p	Reduces endothelial dysfunction, protects blood-brain barrier, and improves neurological outcomes after brain injury (Bernstein et al., 2020).
15) hsa-miR-10a-5p	Regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression (Zhang et al., 2020a)
16) hsa-miR-30a-3p	Loss of miR-30a-3p after controlled cortical injury in rats induces neuropathic pain via elevated E-cadherin transcriptional activator enhancing BDNF (Tan et al., 2020).
17) hsa-miR-30e-5p	Targets the 3'UTR region of Nlrp3 to negatively regulate Nlrp3 mRNA and protein expression (Li et al., 2018).
18) hsa-miR-30d-5p	Inhibits autophagy-mediated microglial polarization into M1 phenotype (Jiang et al.,2018).
19) hsa-miR-30e-3p	Targets the 3'UTR region of Nlrp3 to negatively regulate Nlrp3 mRNA and protein expression (Li et al., 2018).
20) hsa-miR-30a-5p	Targets MAPK/ERK pathway and ameliorates inflammatory injury (Fu et al., 2018).