Table 1. Characteristics of the faller and non-faller groups.
| Non-faller group (n=34) | Faller group (n=16) | |
| Age [years]a | 81.7 ± 6.2 (83.0) | 84.6 ± 5.7 (85.5) |
| gender [n males, n females]b | 3, 31 | 4, 12 |
| Height [cm]c | 147.0 ± 8.0 (147) | 150.0 ± 11.0 (148) |
| Weight [kg]a | 54.3 ± 9.4 (53.6) | 49.8 ± 10.4 (47.9) |
| Stride duration [s]a | 1.03 ± 0.07 (1.04) | 1.10 ± 0.28 (1.02) |
| Stride length [m]c | 0.96 ± 0.16 (0.99) | 0.87 ± 0.17 (0.87) |
| Velocity [m/s]c | 0.93 ± 0.16 (0.94) | 0.82 ± 0.22 (0.78)* |
| Cadence [/min]a | 116.8 ± 8.1 (115.4) | 113.7 ± 20.1 (118.3) |
| Left stance [%]a | 64.2 ± 4.2 (63.2) | 64.7 ± 4.1 (63.7) |
| Right stance [%]a | 64.7 ± 4.0 (63.4) | 65.0 ± 5.3 (63.5) |
| Left single support [%]a | 36.4 ± 2.0 (36.6) | 35.8 ± 3.3 (36.5) |
| Right single support [%]a | 35.9 ± 4.0 (36.6) | 35.4 ± 4.1 (36.3) |
| Left double support [%]a | 17.7 ± 14.1 (13.4) | 17.1 ± 9.3 (13.8) |
| Right double support [%]a | 21.0 ± 22.2 (13.4) | 21.2 ± 22.2 (13.4) |
| Left max. foot height [cm]a | 10.1 ± 1.8 (10.0) | 10.2 ± 1.7 (10.3) |
| Right max. foot height [cm]c | 11.3 ± 1.7 (11.5) | 11.3 ± 1.8 (11.3) |
| Left heel strike angle [°]a | 18.1 ± 5.0 (19.6) | 14.2 ± 6.2 (15.0)* |
| Right heel strike angle [°]a | 18.3 ± 8.0 (19.4) | 13.6 ± 8.0 (14.9)* |
| Left max. ankle plantarflexion angle [°]a | 12.5 ± 7.9 (10.6) | 11.8 ± 7.3 (10.3) |
| Right max. ankle plantarflexion angle [°]a | 9.0 ± 4.3 (8.1) | 10.8 ± 7.1 (8.4) |
| Left max. ankle dorsiflexion angle [°]a | 10.6 ± 4.2 (10.3) | 10.6 ± 3.6 (10.6) |
| Right max. ankle dorsiflexion angle [°]a | 9.4 ± 2.8 (9.5) | 9.7 ± 3.9 (10.7) |
| Left max. knee flexion angle [°]a | 41.7 ± 8.5 (43.5) | 43.7 ± 15.1 (40.5) |
| Right max. knee flexion angle [°]a | 41.7 ± 15.4 (38.7) | 40.4 ± 16.5 (38.2) |
| Left max. knee extension angle [°]a | 0.5 ± 0.1 (0.5) | 0.5 ± 0.1 (0.5) |
| Right max. knee extension angle [°]c | 0.5 ± 0.1 (0.5) | 0.5 ± 0.1 (0.5) |
| Left max. hip flexion angle [°]c | 28.2 ± 6.6 (27.8) | 27.8 ± 4.6 (27.3) |
| Right max. hip flexion angle [°]c | 27.3 ± 6.3 (28.6) | 25.2 ± 9.2 (24.5) |
| Left max. hip extension angle [°]a | 12.1 ± 6.3 (11.3) | 10.9 ± 6.0 (10.0) |
| Right max. hip extension angle [°]a | 13.2 ± 7.8 (11.8) | 13.5 ± 8.2 (11.3) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (median).
a: Mann–Whitney’s U test, b: χ2 test, c: t-test. *p<0.05.