Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Feb 27;52(4):219–229. doi: 10.3102/0013189X231153659

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2023 AERA

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 5. — Turnover by school characteristics. (Panel A) Turnover by school level. (Panel B) Turnover by school composition of economically disadvantaged students. (Panel C) Turnover by school ethnoracial composition.

Note. Turnover is measured between the spring semester and fall semester of each calendar year (e.g., turnover in 2021 is measured as the turnover from spring 2021 to fall 2021). Economic disadvantage (Panel B) is defined as students’ participation in one or more of the following state-administered programs: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Transitional Assistance for Families with Dependent Children (TAFDC), the Department of Children and Families’ (DCF) foster care program, or MassHealth (Medicaid).