Fig. 1.

An instrument to simultaneously measure mechanical work and transduction. (A) Schematic of AFM–electrophysiology setup. (B) 3D schematic showing a modified probe holder allowing access to the cell by a pipette. (C) Image of cantilever and pipette over a YFP-labeled cell as seen in a typical experiment. (D) Representative trace of a Piezo1-expressing cell in response to a typical AFM–electrophysiology protocol. (E) Absolute current as a function of distance (Top; green), force (Middle; blue), and work (Bottom; purple).