. 2023 Feb 28;219(2):18. doi: 10.1007/s11214-022-00943-x

Table 3.

Notional, example heliophysics payload used in the study. Total mass and power are 87.4 kg and 86.7 W based on analogous heritage instruments

Instrument	Measurement parameters	Mass	Power	Heritage reference
Magnetometer (MAG)	0.01–100 nT; $\sim 10 pT$ sensitivity; $\leq 60 s$	0.6 kg^a	5.7 W	MMS/DFG
	For turbulence $10^{- 8} {nT}^{2} /Hz$ sensitivity, 100 Hz sampling	4.2 kg^b
Plasma Wave Subsystem (PWS)	$\sim 1 Hz$ –5 MHz; Δf/f ≤ 4%; sensitivity ≤0.7 μV/m @ 3 kHz; $\leq 60 s$ ( $\leq 4 s$ at TS)	3.3 kg^c 8.2 kg^d	11 W	Van Allen Probes/EFW
Plasma Subsystem (PLS)	$< 3 eV/e$ to 20 keV/e; e, H⁺, He⁺, He⁺⁺, C⁺, N-O⁺; $\leq 60 s$ ; ∼4π coverage	8.0 kg	10 W	PSP/SWEAP or Faraday Cups
Pick-Up Ions (PUI)	0.5–78 keV/e; H, ²H, ³He, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O, ²⁰Ne, ²²Ne, Mg, Si, Ar, Fe, charge states; ∼4π coverage	5.5 kg	4 W	Ulysses/SWICS, Solar Orbiter/SWA
Energetic Particle Subsystem (EPS)	20 keV–20 MeV; H, ³He, ⁴He, Li, C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, Ar, Fe; ∼4π coverage; $\leq 60 s$	5.1 kg	5 W	PSP/EPI-Lo
Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS)	H to Sn; 10 MeV/nuc–1 GeV/nuc; m/Δm ≥ 10 electrons 1–10 MeV; ≥2 directions; ∼hours	8.0 kg	7.0 kg	PSP/EPI-Hi
Interstellar Dust Analyzer (IDA)	10⁻¹⁹ to $10^{- 14} g$ , 1–500 amu; m/Δm ≥ 200, iFOV ≥ 90^∘	10 kg	12 W	IMAP/IDEX
Neutral Mass Spectrometer (NMS)	H, ³He, ⁴He, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O, ²⁰Ne, ²²Ne, ³⁶Ar, ³⁸Ar, m/Δm ≥ 100; iFOV ≥ 10^∘; ∼weeks	10 kg	11 W	Luna Resurs/NGMS
Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Camera	$\sim 1 – 100 keV$ H; iFOV ≥ 170^∘; ≤5^∘ resolution	12 kg	9 W	JUICE/JENI, IMAP/Ultra
Ly-alpha Spectrograph (LYA)	$\pm 100 km/s$ Doppler range; $< 10 km/s$ resolution; iFOV ≤ 5^∘; coverage of upwind and downwind directions; ∼months	12.5 kg	12 W	MAVEN/IUVS
	Other example instrument types part of trade space
ENA Low-Energy	^e5 eV – 1 keV; H, D, He, O, Ne; 9^∘ single-pixel telescope with pivoted FOV	11.5 kg^f	3.46 W^f^,^g	IBEX-Lo, IMAP-Lo
ENA High-Energy	^e0.4–15.6 keV; H, He, C/N/O/Ne; 4^∘ single-pixel telescope	7.37 kg^f	0.65 W^f^,^g	IBEX-Hi, IMAP-Hi

^aSensor and electronics; ^bBoom; ^cSensor and electronics; ^dFour wire-antennas including deployment mechanisms; ^ePerformance of IMAP-Lo and -Hi; ^fResource values from IBEX; ^gWithout central electronics unit