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. 2023 Jan 24;38(1):19–37. doi: 10.1007/s10823-022-09467-x

Table 2.

Results of multilevel linear models for overall intergenerational relationship and subdomains

Intergenerational relationship Affectual closeness Structural-associational solidarity
Coefficient (SE) t ratio Coefficient (SE) t ratio Coefficient (SE) t ratio
Level 1: child characteristics
Age -0.092 (0.026) -3.483*** -0.006 (0.008) -0.776 -0.093 (0.015) -6.163***
Gender -0.629 (0.216) -2.907** -0.320 (0.061) -5.195*** 0.215 (0.132) 1.630
Marital status 3.105 (0.308) 10.082*** 0.218 (0.088) 2.477* 2.919 (0.209) 13.994***
Educational level 0.169 (0.151) 1.114 0.201 (0.049) 4.124*** -0.149 (0.076) -1.953
Work status 0.275 (0.445) 0.617 0.242 (0.138) 1.751 -0.136 (0.238) -0.569
Level 2: parental characteristics
Age 0.033 (0.033) 0.987 0.028 (0.010) 2.679** -0.004 (0.017) -0.208
Gender -2.372 (0.477) -4.966*** -0.781 (0.170) -4.584*** -0.981 (0.243) -4.045***
Marital status 1.129 (0.505) 2.233* 0.238 (0.174) 1.366 0.441 (0.255) 1.732
Education level -0.280 (0.244) -1.149 -0.189 (0.076) -2.473* -0.061 (0.103) -0.598
Self-perceived economic status 1.132 (0.432) 2.621*** 0.386 (0.147) 2.618** 0.244 (0.206) 1.185
Homeownership 1.076 (0.465) 2.315* 0.082 (0.169) 0.483 0.367 (0.236) 1.551
Number of Chronic Disease 0.009 (0.221) 0.042 0.141 (0.076) 1.841 0.036 (0.096) 0.383
Depressive symptoms -1.504 (0.194) -7.754*** -0.529 (0.065) -8.184*** -0.352 (0.089) -3.941***
Relationship with parents 0.627 (0.358) 1.746 0.810 (0.126) 6.411*** -0.006 (0.185) -0.032
Intercept 43.956 (0.217) 202.041*** 10.982 (0.079) 139.006*** 12.483 (0.109) 114.726***
Intra-class correlation (ICC) 0.680 0.794 0.515
R2 at Level 1 0.382 0.329 0.413
R2 at Level 2 0.433 0.349 0.503

Note. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05