Table 3.

Prevalence of HbA1c, blood pressure and lipid control among adult NHANES participants with diagnosed diabetes by different body mass index and waist circumference categories, 1992-2002 to 2015-2020 ^a

	1999-2002	2003-2006	2007-2010	2011-2014	2015-2020	P for differences
No. participants	834	959	1391	1349	2072
HbA1c <7%, %
Total participants	42.5	51.5	51.8	51.0	48.0	<0.001
Body mass index category b
Normal weight	47.5	47.2	50.3	55.2	55.8	0.339
Overweight	42.5	53.0	56.3	55.1	46.3	<0.001
Obese class I	42.2	52.1	47.8	49.9	47.4	0.319
Obese class II	37.1	51.8	51.9	48.0	46.7	0.101
Obese class III	41.3	50.5	51.9	44.5	47.6	0.451
P for differences	0.551	0.920	0.229	0.131	0.182
Waist circumference category c, %
Normal waist circumference	45.1	44.6	48.9	50.2	50.1	0.592
Central obesity	40.9	52.7	51.7	51.1	47.4	<0.001
P for differences	0.077	0.192	0.737	0.581	0.094
Blood pressure <140/90 mmHg, %
Total participants	53.2	61.3	65.7	69.3	65.9	<0.001
Body mass index category
Normal weight	55.2	59.3	65.7	54.5	61.7	0.168
Overweight	52.2	56.4	62.1	72.1	65.3	<0.001
Obese class I	56.7	64.8	69.9	70.3	66.9	0.021
Obese class II	49.2	64.6	65.1	71.1	67.0	0.006
Obese class III	49.2	67.0	66.0	74.2	68.2	0.005
P for differences	0.201	0.461	0.282	0.001	0.847
Waist circumference category, %
Normal waist circumference	57.4	60.8	65.1	66.5	63.4	0.274
Central obesity	52.6	61.7	66.2	69.7	67.0	<0.001
P for differences	0.594	0.339	0.292	0.762	0.248
Blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, %
Total participants	31.8	37.1	41.3	44.2	43.1	<0.001
Body mass index category
Normal weight	35.4	37.0	36.1	36.2	41.6	0.687
Overweight	29.5	34.5	40.0	46.9	42.4	<0.001
Obese class I	34.9	39.6	43.5	42.9	43.9	0.282
Obese class II	28.0	38.6	43.6	47.2	45.6	0.017
Obese class III	29.7	37.6	42.0	45.5	42.2	0.219
P for differences	0.224	0.796	0.649	0.107	0.525
Waist circumference category, %
Normal waist circumference	31.9	37.5	39.2	44.4	43.6	0.040
Central obesity	31.8	37.3	42.0	44.8	43.7	<0.001
P for differences	0.952	0.526	0.454	0.723	0.870
Non-HDL cholesterol <130 mg/dL, %
Total participants	26.6	42.5	51.5	54.9	58.6	<0.001
Body mass index category
Normal weight	35.8	42.6	59.1	63.7	66.5	<0.001
Overweight	23.5	40.7	51.5	57.8	58.7	<0.001
Obese class I	28.1	38.0	53.2	51.5	55.9	<0.001
Obese class II	24.4	49.2	44.5	50.2	58.0	<0.001
Obese class III	26.0	50.3	47.6	51.2	56.9	<0.001
P for differences	0.107	0.043	0.207	0.143	0.061
Waist circumference category, %
Normal waist circumference	32.6	43.4	54.3	62.6	62.0	<0.001
Central obesity	24.5	40.9	50.3	52.4	57.3	<0.001
P for differences	0.007	0.757	0.587	0.050	0.607
All risk factors control d
Total participants	6.5	12.5	18.8	21.2	18.5	<0.001
Body mass index category
Normal weight	8.3	7.1	18.1	19.2	18.8	0.002
Overweight	5.4	14.2	19.9	25.2	18.6	<0.001
Obese class I	8.5	9.9	19.7	20.8	18.8	<0.001
Obese class II	5.5	11.7	14.5	19.4	20.1	0.002
Obese class III	5.3	22.9	20.3	17.8	15.4	0.015
P for differences	0.547	0.001	0.461	0.411	0.748
Waist circumference category, %
Normal waist circumference	8.0	9.9	18.3	23.2	20.7	<0.001
Central obesity	6.2	13.2	19.1	20.9	18.4	<0.001
P for differences	0.190	0.061	0.301	0.619	0.571

Abbreviation: Non-HDL cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

^aAdjusted for age, sex and race.

^bThe participants were classified in five body mass index categories: <25.0 (normal weight), 25.0-29.9 (overweight), 30-34.9 (obese class I), 35-39.9 (obese class II), and ≥40 (obese class III).

^cCenter obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥102 in men and ≥88 in women.

^dAll risk factors control was defined as HbA1c <1%, blood pressure <140/90 mmHg, and non-HDL cholesterol <130 mg/dL.