Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of diabetic subjects with and without PAD.
| Variables | WPAD | PAD | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N=246) | (N=270) | ||
| Gender (male, %) | 135 (54.9%) | 156 (57.8%) | 0.507 |
| Age (years) | 57 (50-62) | 65 (59-71) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 5 (1-10) | 10 (5-18) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 69 (28%) | 73 (27%) | 0.797 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 60 (24.4%) | 68 (25.2%) | 0.839 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 120 (48.8%) | 167 (61.9%) | 0.003 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 90 (36.6%) | 92 (34.1%) | 0.551 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127 (117-138) | 132 (123-144) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80 (72-86) | 77 (70-85) | 0.028 |
| ALT, U/L | 20.4 (14.7-30.7) | 17 (12.1-23.1) | <0.001 |
| AST, U/L | 20 (16-25.6) | 18.5 (15.8-24.5) | 0.140 |
| Urea, mmol/L | 5.53 (4.49-6.38) | 5.9 (4.53-7.2) | 0.006 |
| Cr, UMOL/L | 62.4 (51.5-77.4) | 70.7 (57.3-85.6) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 101.7 (91.3-110.9) | 91.1 (72.2-103.7) | <0.001 |
| Uric Acid, μmol/L | 309.8 (252.3-363.3) | 319.4 (246.1-378.2) | 0.461 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.2 (0.7-2.4) | 2.1 (1.1-5.5) | <0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 9.98 (7.42-14.8) | 9.99 (7.86-14.6) | 0.796 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.1 (6.7-9.9) | 8.2 (7.2-9.8) | 0.320 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.55 (1.08-2.21) | 1.66 (1.14-2.4) | 0.275 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.54 (3.92-5.32) | 4.47 (3.64-5.41) | 0.701 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.14 (0.96-1.38) | 1 (0.86-1.15) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.82 (2.06-3.44) | 2.52 (1.91-3.27) | 0.053 |
| N-HDL-C, mmol/L | 3.38 (2.69-4.13) | 3.36 (2.62-4.22) | 0.899 |
| RC, mmol/L | 0.55 (0.38-0.7) | 0.75 (0.6-1.03) | <0.001 |
| TyG index | 7.84 (7.25-8.48) | 7.92 (7.35-8.49) | 0.498 |
| Neutrophil,109/L | 3.43 (2.83-4.46) | 3.98 (3.11-5.11) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte, 109/L | 1.69 (1.41-2.03) | 1.47 (1.13-1.85) | <0.001 |
| Monocyte, 109/L | 0.34 (0.27-0.41) | 0.38 (0.3-0.49) | <0.001 |
| Platelet, 109/L | 207 (178-243) | 206 (171-258) | 0.841 |
| NLR | 2.05 (1.59-2.61) | 2.66 (1.89-3.74) | <0.001 |
| MLR | 0.19 (0.16-0.25) | 0.26 (0.19-0.35) | <0.001 |
| PHR | 179.26 (143.06-237.76) | 204.08 (163.08-272.73) | <0.001 |
| Use antidiabetes agents | |||
| Insulin, n (%) | 27 (11%) a | 60 (22.2%) b | <0.001 |
| Oral drugs, n (%) | 143 (58.1%) a | 117 (43.3%) b | |
| Diet control only, n (%) | 41 (16.7%) a | 21 (7.8%) b | |
| Insulin + Drugs, n (%) | 35 (14.2%) a | 72 (26.7%) b | |
| Statins use, n (%) | 29 (11.8%) | 55 (20.4%) | 0.008 |
| PAD | |||
| Mild PAD, n (%) | / | 137 (50.70%) | |
| Moderate PAD, n (%) | / | 63 (23.30%) | |
| Severe PAD, n (%) | / | 70 (25.90%) |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N-HDL-C, non-HDL-C; RC, remnant cholesterol; TyG index, triglyceride glucose index; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; MLR, monocyte to lymphocyte ratio; PHR, platelet/HDL-C ratio. P <0.05 (two-sided) was defined as statistically significant. Bold values indicate statistically significance. a, b: after applying the chi-square test, different superscripts indicate statistically different categorical variables between the 2 groups.