Table 2.
Demographic and clinical data of T2DM – PAD group according to PAD severity.
| Variables | Mild PAD (N=137) | Moderate PAD (N=63) | Severe PAD (N=70) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male, %) | 82 (59.9%) | 37 (58.7%) | 37 (52.9%) | 0.619 |
| Age (years) | 64 (59-69) | 68 (60-71) | 67 (59-72) | 0.043 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 10 (5-17) | 10.5 (5-18) | 10 (5-20) | 0.447 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 39 (28.5%) | 19 (30.2%) | 15 (21.4%) | 0.456 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 43 (31.4%) | 12 (19%) | 13 (18.6%) | 0.058 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 73 (53.3%) | 43 (68.3%) | 51 (72.9%) | 0.011 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 54 (39.4%) | 15 (23.8%) | 23 (32.9%) | 0.093 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130 (122-142) | 132 (120-140) | 135 (124-148) | 0.093 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77 (70-85) | 76.5 (69-81) | 78 (74-86) | 0.230 |
| ALT, U/L | 17.9 (13.7-24.1) | 16.2 (11.3-23.1) | 15 (10.7-21.9) | 0.115 |
| AST, U/L | 18.7 (16.3-24.1) | 18.4 (15.6-25.5) | 18.2 (15-25.5) | 0.881 |
| Urea, mmol/L | 5.85 (4.51-6.8) | 6.04 (4.89-7.41) | 5.99 (4.45-7.89) | 0.472 |
| Cr, UMOL/L | 70.1 (57.2-81.2) | 71.25 (60.5-92.7) | 71.3 (55.9-88.6) | 0.253 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 93.9 ± 19.71 | 90.1 ± 20.97 | 89.15 ± 20.32 | 0.042 |
| Uric Acid, μmol/L | 304.3 (233.9-353.1) | 337.15 (259.1-391.5) | 335.25 (261.7-395.8) | 0.021 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.7 (0.9-4.1) | 2.65 (1.3-10.4) | 2.55 (1.4-10.6) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 10.52 (8.21-15.51) | 9.95 (7.62-14.06) | 8.74 (6.98-13.37) | 0.060 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.7 (7.2-10.2) | 7.8 (6.9-9.6) | 7.95 (7.2-9.1) | 0.209 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.53 (1.09-2.09) | 1.78 (1.14-2.71) | 1.89 (1.22-2.9) | 0.046 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.47 (3.63-5.44) | 4.39 (3.49-5.19) | 4.67 (3.82-5.25) | 0.613 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.01 (0.9-1.25) | 0.97 (0.83-1.12) | 0.94 (0.77-1.11) | 0.005 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.67 (1.97-3.55) | 2.49 (1.86-3.23) | 2.35 (1.84-3.03) | 0.186 |
| N-HDL-C, mmol/L | 3.26 (2.51-4.27) | 3.42 (2.62-4.06) | 3.5 (2.72-4.23) | 0.824 |
| RC, mmol/L | 0.68 (0.54-0.87) | 0.8 (0.67-1) | 1.05 (0.75-1.45) | <0.001 |
| TyG index | 7.90 ± 0.84 | 7.98 ± 0.84 | 7.99 ± 0.92 | 0.692 |
| Neutrophil,109/L | 3.73 (3.06-5.02) | 3.96 (3.1-4.7) | 4.305 (3.37-5.36) | 0.142 |
| Lymphocyte, 109/L | 1.51 (1.2-1.87) | 1.37 (1.06-1.78) | 1.44 (1.14-1.85) | 0.154 |
| Monocyte, 109/L | 0.38 (0.3-0.48) | 0.37 (0.26-0.52) | 0.41 (0.33-0.54) | 0.258 |
| Platelet, 109/L | 200 (167-247) | 207 (171-248) | 227.5 (183-312) | 0.032 |
| NLR | 2.4 (1.81-3.56) | 2.85 (2.06-3.93) | 2.82 (2.19-3.79) | 0.075 |
| MLR | 0.25 (0.19-0.34) | 0.27 (0.19-0.38) | 0.28 (0.21-0.37) | 0.138 |
| PHR | 185.53 (151.54-252.33) | 211.42 (163.08-308.57) | 247.45 (182.65-315.46) | <0.001 |
| Use antidiabetes agents | ||||
| Oral drugs | 68 (49.6%) a | 27 (42.9%) a,b | 20 (28.6%) b | 0.013 |
| Insulin | 18 (13.1%) a | 17 (27%) a,b | 23 (32.9%) b | |
| Insulin + drugs | 37 (27%) a | 15 (23.8%) a | 22 (31.4%) a | |
| Diet control only | 14 (10.2%) a | 4 (6.3%) a | 5 (7.1%) a | |
| Statins use | 29 (21.2%) | 11 (17.5%) | 15 (21.4%) | 0.806 |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N-HDL-C, non-HDL-C; RC, remnant cholesterol; TyG index, triglyceride glucose index; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; MLR, monocyte to lymphocyte ratio; PHR, platelet/HDL-C ratio. P < 0.05 (two-sided) was defined as statistically significant. Bold values indicate statistically significance. a, b: after applying the chi-square test, different superscripts indicate statistically different categorical variables between the 3 groups.