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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022 Dec 6;94(3):479–483. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003853

Table 1:

Properties of Potential Novel Therapeutics

Agent Mechanism of
action		 Formulations Prophylactic
Dosing
Investigated		 Bioavailability Half-Life Metabolism/
elimination
Aspirin Inactivates cyclooxygenase enzyme Per os or per rectum 81mg twice daily 50-75% 15-20 minutes (however effects of aspirin last the duration of platelet life which is approximately 10 days) Metabolized in plasma and liver; excreted through kidney
Apixaban Directly binds to Factor Xa Per os 2.5mg twice daily 50% 12 hours Metabolized by liver; excreted through kidney, biliary, and fecal
Rivaroxaban Directly binds to Factor Xa Per os 10mg once daily 80%-100% 5-9 hours Metabolized by liver; excreted through kidney