Table 1:
ALiR’s Individual-level Data.
| Electronic surveys (repeated every 1-2 years) |
Electronic surveys (repeated every 13 months) |
Fitbit (continuous) |
Public Datasets (continuous) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Environment | Location | Zip Code / Census Region | Weather | ||
| Urbanicity | Air / Water Quality | ||||
| Neighborhood | Features / Built Environment | Perceived Safety | Crime | ||
| Transportation / Walkability | Police Presence | ||||
| Housing | Type / Characteristics | ||||
| Social Environment | Network | Social Network | Household | ||
| Marital Status / Family Structure | |||||
| Social Support (PROMIS) | |||||
| Context | Culture / Religiosity / Politics | Hope (PhenX) | |||
| Stressors | Racism and Discrimination | Loneliness | |||
| Childhood Trauma (ACEs) | Stress (PSS-4) | ||||
| Economic Environment | Education and Competencies | Education | Fitbit Engagement | ||
| Financial Literacy | Fitbit Proficiency | ||||
| Digital Literacy | |||||
| Health Literacy | |||||
| Work and Finance | Wealth / Debt (HRS) | Labor Force Status / Occupation | |||
| Financial Wellbeing / Readiness | Income | ||||
| Housing Stability | Food Security (USDA) | ||||
| Healthcare | Insurance | Access | |||
| Quality / Satisfaction | |||||
| Intrinsic Factors | Demographics and Personality | Personality (Big-5) | Age | ||
| Decision Making | Race / Ethnicity | ||||
| Risk Tolerance | Sex / Gender Identity | ||||
| Mood / Affect | Sexual Orientation | ||||
| Life Satisfaction | Citizenship | ||||
| Immigration Generation | |||||
| Birthplace | |||||
| Primary Language | |||||
| Health Motivations | |||||
| Health Behaviors | Exercise | Physical Activity (HRS) | Active / Sedentary Time | ||
| Step Count | |||||
| Distance Covered | |||||
| Walking Speed | |||||
| Diet | Diet (BRFSS) | ||||
| Sugar Consumption | |||||
| Sleep | Sleep Hygiene (PROMIS) | Time in Bed | |||
| Sleep / Wake Onset | |||||
| Napping | |||||
| Substance Use | Drugs / Alcohol (ASSIST) | ||||
| Healthcare | Prevention / Screening (HRS) | Utilization (HRS) | |||
| Medical Mistrust (PhenX) | |||||
| Vaccine Hesitancy (PhenX) | |||||
| Health Outcomes | Health Status | Self-reported Health (HRS) | General Health (BRFSS) | ||
| Physical Health | Chronic Condition Diagnoses (HRS) | Functional Ability (iADL / ADL) | Physical Health | ||
| Pregnancy (PhenX) | Body Mass Index | Resting / Active Heart Rate | |||
| Influenza-like Illness (PhenX) | Circadian Rhythm | ||||
| Sleep Health | Sleep Disorders (HRS) | Sleep Disturbance (PROMIS) | Sleep Duration | ||
| Sleep Efficiency / Latency | |||||
| Sleep Stages | |||||
| Mental Health | Mental Illness Diagnoses (HRS) | Depression (PHQ-8) | |||
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | |||||
| Substance Abuse (ASSIST) | |||||
| Cognitive Health | Cognitive Status / Ability | ||||
| Episodic Memory Test Scores | |||||
| Mental Function Test Scores |
Note that this list is non-exhaustive. Core Understanding America Study survey measures, repeated quarterly for sociodemographics and at least biennially for other variables, are available from 2014. For ALiR, survey measures are repeated monthly and minute-level data from wrist-worn Fitbits are collected continuously. ALiR activities occur for at least 1 year, though participants may subsequently choose to contribute indefinitely. Contextual data from public datasets are matched geospatially and temporally to participant timelines. Specific instruments are in parentheses. HRS = University of Michigan’s Health and Retirement Study; PROMIS = Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; PhenX = National Institutes of Health’s Consensus Measures for Phenotypes and eXposures. ACEs = Adverse Childhood Events Scale; PSS-4 = Perceived Stress Scale-4; USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture; (i)ADL = (instrumental) Activities of Daily Living; ASSIST = World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test; BRFSS = Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; GAD-7 = General Anxiety Disorder-7; PHQ-8 = Patient Health Questionnaire-8.