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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nutr Cancer. 2022 Nov 7;75(2):618–626. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2143537

Table 3.

Associations of diet index scores with risk of prostate cancer grade reclassification during Active Surveillance, stratified by Body Mass Index

Health Eating Index HEI-(2015) Score
Low: (43.5-65.7) Medium: (65.8-74.5) High: (74.6-92.7) P-trend Continuous Model1 P
BMI<25 kg/m2 Number of events 16 18 27
  HR (95% CI) 1.00 0.90 (0.42, 1.94) 0.83 (0.39, 1.73) 0.52 0.91 (0.68, 1.20) 0.49
BMI≥25.0 kg/m2 Number of events 71 52 53
HR (95% CI) 1.00 0.76 (0.52, 1.10) 0.89 (0.61, 1.30) 0.30 0.92 (0.78, 1.09) 0.34
Mediterranean Diet Score
Low: (0-3) Medium: (4-5) High: (6-9) P-trend Continuous Model1 P
BMI<25 kg/m2 Number of events 21 17 23
  HR (95% CI) 1.00 1.17 (0.57, 2.40) 1.14 (0.59, 2.23) 0.74 0.97 (0.75, 1.26) 0.83
BMI≥25.0 kg/m2 Number of events 71 67 38
  HR (95% CI) 1.00 0.94 (0.66, 1.33) 0.83 (0.54, 1.27) 0.15 0.98 (0.83, 1.03) 0.77
DASH Diet Score
Low: (12-22) Medium: (23-27) High: (28-37) P-trend Continuous Model1 P
BMI<25 kg/m2 Number of events 17 20 24
  HR (95% CI) 1.00 1.02 (0.49, 2.14) 1.08 (0.53, 2.22) 0.78 0.94 (0.69, 1.27) 0.69
BMI≥25.0 kg/m2 Number of events 74 55 47
  HR (95% CI) 1.00 0.94 (0.65, 1.38) 0.85 (0.58, 1.26) 0.18 0.91 (0.77, 1.07) 0.26
1

Per standard deviation increase in diet index score

2

Adjusted for PSA, Gleason Grade Group, percentage of cores positive for cancer, prostate size