Table 1:
Baseline Characteristics
| NCD (n=193) |
Ex HFpEF (n=187) |
Rest HFpEF (n=384) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55±14 | 68±10* | 68±11* | <0.0001 |
| Women, n (%) | 112 (58%) | 105 (56%) | 219 (57%) | 0.9 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.5±5.3 | 32.1±6.1* | 33.7±7.7*† | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Coronary disease | 41 (21%) | 74 (40%) | 126 (33%) | 0.0006 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25 (13%) | 50 (27%) | 102 (27%) | 0.0005 |
| Hypertension | 120 (62%) | 170 (91%) | 364 (95%) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 11 (6%) | 42 (22%) | 166 (43%) | <0.0001 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| Renin-angiotensin system blocker | 52 (27%) | 72 (39%) | 194 (51%) | <0.0001 |
| Beta-Blocker | 49 (25%) | 89 (48%) | 231 (60%) | <0.0001 |
| Diuretic | 42 (22%) | 90 (48%) | 238 (62%) | <0.0001 |
| Laboratories | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.6±1.4 | 13.3±1.5 | 12.9±1.6*† | <0.0001 |
| Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 78±20 | 67±18* | 62±21* | <0.0001 |
| NT-pro BNP (pg/mL) (n=548) | 75 (30, 158) | 146 (64, 485)* | 371 (119, 1208)*† | <0.0001 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LV diastolic dimension (mm) | 48±5 | 48±5 | 49±5* | 0.02 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 84±18 | 90±21* | 92±23* | 0.0009 |
| LA volume index (mL/m2) | 29±10 | 33±12* | 38±16*† | <0.0001 |
| LVEF (%) | 65±5 | 65±6 | 64±6 | 0.3 |
| E/e’ | 7 (6, 9) | 9 (7, 12)* | 12 (9, 16)*† | <0.0001 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 22±4 | 22±5 | 20±5*† | 0.001 |
| RV s’ (cm/s) | 13±3 | 13±3 | 12±3*† | 0.0005 |
| TR velocity (m/s) | 2.4±0.3 | 2.6±0.3* | 2.8±0.5*† | <0.0001 |
Data are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%).E/e’, ratio of early diastolic filling pulsed wave doppler to early diastolic mitral annular tissue doppler velocity; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; Ex HFpEF, HFpEF that became evident only during exercise testing; Rest HFpEF, HFpEF that was diagnosed based upon resting hemodynamics alone; LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular; LVEDV, left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NCD, non-cardiac dyspnea; NT-pro BNP, N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; RV, right ventricular; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation and s’, systolic mitral annular tissue doppler velocity.
P< 0.05 vs NCD.
P< 0.05 vs Ex HFpEF.