Table 2:
Invasive hemodynamics at rest and during exercise
| NCD (n=193) |
Ex HFpEF (n=187) |
Rest HFpEF (n=384) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rest | ||||
| Vital signs | ||||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 73±13 | 69±11* | 70±12* | 0.002 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 135±22 | 144±23* | 147±24* | <0.0001 |
| Central pressures | ||||
| RAP (mm Hg) | 5±2 | 7±3* | 12±4*† | <0.0001 |
| Feet-up RAP (mm Hg) | 7±3 | 10±3* | 16±6*† | <0.0001 |
| PA systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 26±6 | 32±7* | 45±14*† | <0.0001 |
| PA mean pressure (mm Hg) | 16±4 | 21±5* | 30±8*† | <0.0001 |
| PAWP (mm Hg) | 9±3 | 11±2* | 20±4*† | <0.0001 |
| Feet-up PAWP (mm Hg) | 12±4 | 16±4* | 23±5*† | <0.0001 |
| Vascular function | ||||
| PVR (WU) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.5)* | 1.9 (1.1, 3.1)* | <0.0001 |
| PAC (mL/mm Hg) | 5.1±2.0 | 4.2±1.8* | 3.4±1.9*† | <0.0001 |
| PA Ea (mm Hg/mL) | 0.3±0.1 | 0.4±0.1* | 0.6±0.3*† | <0.0001 |
| Oxygen Transport | ||||
| VO2 (mL/min/kg) | 2.8±0.6 | 2.5±0.6* | 2.5±0.6* | <0.0001 |
| A-Vo2 diff (mL/dL) | 4.0±0.8 | 4.4±0.8* | 4.7±1.0*† | <0.0001 |
| CO (L/min) | 5.7±1.6 | 5.3±1.4* | 5.1±1.7* | 0.0006 |
| Peak Exercise | ||||
| Vital signs | ||||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 118±24 | 105±19* | 98±21*† | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 170±32 | 183±32* | 175±33† | 0.0006 |
| Peak workload (W) | 69±37 | 50±29* | 40±25*† | <0.0001 |
| RER | 1.04±0.13 | 1.02±0.01 | 1.00±0.12* | 0.002 |
| Central pressures | ||||
| RAP (mm Hg) | 7±4 | 15±6* | 22±8*† | <0.0001 |
| PA systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 40±10 | 60±13* | 68±17*† | <0.0001 |
| PA mean pressure (mm Hg) | 25±6 | 41±8* | 47±11*† | <0.0001 |
| PAWP (mm Hg) | 15±5 | 30±5* | 32±7*† | <0.0001 |
| PAWP/CO slope | 1.1 (0.5, 1.9) | 4.4 (3.0, 7.5)* | 3.8 (2.0, 7.4)* | <0.0001 |
| Mean PAP/CO slope | 1.8 (1.1, 2.5) | 4.8 (3.2, 7.8)* | 5.9 (3.0, 10.5)* | <0.0001 |
| PCWL (mmHg/watts/kg) | 17 (11, 28) | 64 (39, 97)* | 90 (54, 137)*† | <0.0001 |
| Vascular function | ||||
| PVR (WU) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.9)* | 1.7 (1.1, 2.9)*† | <0.0001 |
| PAC (mL/mm Hg) | 4.0±1.6 | 3.1±1.7* | 2.6±1.4*† | <0.0001 |
| PA Ea (mm Hg/mL) | 0.4±0.2 | 0.6±0.2* | 0.8±0.4*† | <0.0001 |
| Oxygen Transport | ||||
| VO2 (mL/min/kg) | 13.5±5.3 | 10.4±3.1* | 8.9±3.2*† | <0.0001 |
| A-VO2 diff (mL/dL) | 9.3±2.0 | 9.8±2.0 | 10.0±2.4* | 0.0009 |
| CO (L/min) | 11.4±3.3 | 9.9±3.5* | 8.5±3.2*† | <0.0001 |
Data are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%). AVO2 diff indicates arterial-venous O2 content difference; BP, blood pressure; CO, cardiac output; Ea, elastance; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LV, left ventricular; NCD, non-cardiac dyspnea; PA, pulmonary artery; PAC, pulmonary artery compliance; PAWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure; PCWL, ratio of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at peak exercise to workload normalized to body weight; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RAP, right atrial pressure; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; RV, right ventricular; and VO2, oxygen consumption volume.
*
P< 0.05 vs NCD.
†
P< 0.05 vs Ex HFpEF.