| Healthy airway mucus |
Normal mucin production from airway epithelium Gel with deformable, elastic solid and viscous liquid Contains 97% water and 2‒4% solid contents (mucins, salts, lipids, polypeptides, etc.) Similar quantity of MUC5AC (proximal airways) and MUC5B (surface secretory cells) in airway mucus
|
(Fahy and Dickey, 2010; McGuckin et al., 2015; Rubin, 2007) |
| Asthma |
Airway mucin stores increase due to goblet cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia Surface epithelial mucous metaplasia and uncertain hyperplasia Population of subepithelial bronchial microvessels increased but remodeling is not prominent In severe disease conditions there is alteration in submucosal glands Increased expression of MUC5AC and decreased expression of MUC5B gene
|
(Bonser et al., 2016; Bonser and Erle, 2017; Kuyper et al., 2003; Lachowicz-Scroggins et al., 2016) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
Increase in mucin stores Surface epithelial mucous metaplasia and some hyperplasia Volume/number of submucosal glands increase Concentration of MUC5AC increases rather than MUC5B
|
(Anderson et al., 2015; Lin et al., 2020; Radicioni et al., 2021) |
| Cystic fibrosis (CF) |
The levels of epithelial mucin stores are near normal Submucosal glands are very prominent More than 10% of solid content in mucus Characterized by a predominant increase in MUC5B
|
(Button et al., 2016; Livraghi-Butrico et al., 2017; Martens et al., 2011) |
