Expression vectors developed for surface display in S. carnosus shown with their encoded gene products illustrated as they are anchored to the cell surface. (A) Expression vector pSPPmABPXM (41), suitable for surface display in S. carnosus, with the processed gene fusion product PP-ABP-XM′ illustrated as anchored to the cell surface. (B and C) Expression cassettes of the surface expression vectors encoding the chimeric surface proteins containing the monomeric and dimeric versions of the ZIgA affibody, respectively, with their gene fusion products anchored to the S. carnosus cell surface. (D and E) Expression cassettes of the surface expression vectors encoding the chimeric surface proteins containing the monomeric and dimeric versions of the ZIgE affibody, respectively, with their cell surface-anchored gene products. The names of the constructed expression vectors are given below the expression cassettes, the molecular sizes of the encoded surface proteins are indicated in kilodaltons, and the abbreviated names of the recombinant staphylococci are given at the right.