Histogram representation of the results from a colorimetric whole-cell assay for detection of surface-exposed proteins containing ABP. Biotinylated HSA is allowed to bind to the staphylococcal cells, and after the subsequent addition of a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate and a chromogenic substrate, the change in A405 is monitored. S. carnosus wild type (bar 1) and recombinant S. carnosus cells as follows: pSPPmABPXM transformed (bar 2), Sc:mZIgA (bar 3), Sc:dZIgA (bar 4), Sc:mZIgE (bar 5), and Sc:dZIgE (bar 6).