TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients enrolled in the study.
| Characteristics | Training cohort | Validation cohort |
|---|---|---|
| (TCGA-LUAD, n = 500) | (GSE29013, GSE30219, GSE31210, GSE37745, and GSE50081, n = 554) | |
| Age | ||
| <65 | 219 (43.8%) | 315 (56.86%) |
| ≥65 | 271 (54.2%) | 239 (43.14%) |
| Unknown | 10 (2%) | 0 |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 270 (54%) | 265 (47.83%) |
| Male | 230 (46%) | 289 (52.17%) |
| Race | ||
| White | 386 (77.2%) | NA |
| Non-White | 60 (12%) | NA |
| Unknown | 54 (10.8%) | NA |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | 7 (1.4%) | NA |
| Non-Hispanic or Latino | 381 (76.2%) | NA |
| Unknown | 112 (22.4%) | NA |
| Tumor stage | ||
| Stage I | 268 (53.6%) | 339 (61.19%) |
| Stage II | 119 (23.8%) | 108 (19.49%) |
| Stage III | 80 (16%) | 21 (3.79%) |
| Stage IV | 25 (5%) | 4 (0.72%) |
| Unknown | 8 (1.6%) | 82 (14.8%) |
| Prior malignancy | ||
| Yes | 79 (15.8%) | NA |
| No | 421 (84.2%) | NA |
| Tissue origin | ||
| Upper lobe lung | 291 (58.2%) | NA |
| Non-upper lobe lung | 209 (41.8%) | NA |
| Smoking history | ||
| Ever | 415 (83%) | 216 (38.99%) |
| Never | 71 (14.2%) | 139 (25.09%) |
| Unknown | 14 (2.8%) | 199 (35.92%) |
| Vital status | ||
| Alive | 318 (63.6%) | 348 (62.82%) |
| Dead | 182 (36.4%) | 206 (37.18%) |