Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of women by vaginal births and C-section.
| Total (n = 20.527) |
Vaginal (n = 8.775) |
C-section (n = 11.752) |
p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (CI 95%) | % (CI 95%) | % (CI 95%) | ||
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Woman's age (n = 20.525) | ||||
| 12–19 years | 19.2 (18.3–20.1) | 24.6 (23.8–25.9) | 14.5 (13.5–15.4) | <0.001 |
| 20–34 years | 70.7 (69.7–71.5) | 68.3 (67.0–69.5) | 72.7 (71.6–73.8) | |
| 35 or more years | 10.1 (9.5–10.8) | 7.1 (6.4–7.9) | 12.8 (11.8–13.8) | |
| Woman's ethnicity (n = 20.524) | ||||
| Brown | 57.9 (56.1–59.5) | 63.1 (61.0–35.1) | 53.3 (51.1–55.3) | <0.001 |
| White | 32.3 (30.5–34.1) | 25.6 (23.5–27.7) | 38.3 (36.0–40.5) | |
| Black | 8.3 (7.4–9.3) | 9.6 (8.4–11.0) | 7.1 (6.2–8.6) | |
| Indigenous/Asian | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.7 (1.2–2.1) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | |
| Woman's education (n = 20.435) | ||||
| Until 9 years | 45.3 (43.8–46.8) | 57.4 (55.5–59.1) | 34.7 (32.9–36.4) | <0.001 |
| 10–12 years | 41.8 (40.5–43.1) | 38.1 (36.5–39.8) | 45.1 (43.4–46.7) | |
| More than 13 years | 12.9 (11.7–13.9) | 4.5 (3.8–5.1) | 20.2 (18.4–22.1) | |
| Marital status (n = 20.516) | ||||
| Marriage or living together | 81.8 (81.0–82.6) | 79.3 (78.0–80.4) | 84.1 (83.1–85.0) | <0.001 |
| Do not cohabit with a companion | 18.2 (17.3–18.9) | 20.7 (19.5–21.9) | 15.9 (14.9–16.8) | |
| Antenatal care (n = 20.008) | ||||
| Inadequate | 15.4 (14.4–16.3) | 20.9 (19.3–22.3) | 10.4 (9.6–11.4) | <0.001 |
| Partial adequate | 18.3 (17.5–19.2) | 20.9 (19.8–22.2) | 16.2 (14.9–17.2) | |
| Adequate/more than adequate | 66.3 (64.9–67.5) | 58.2 (56.2–60.0) | 73.4 (71.8–74.9) | |
| Parity (n = 20.526) | ||||
| Primiparous | 46.7 (45.5–47.8) | 41.9 (40.2–43.6) | 50.8 (49.4–52.3) | <0.001 |
| 1 or 2 previous births | 43.4 (42.3–44.4) | 44.1 (42.3–45.7) | 42.8 (41.5–44.0) | |
| 3 or more previous births | 9.9 (9.2–10.7) | 14.0 (12.7–15.4) | 6.4 (5.7–7.0) | |
| Presence of companion during childbirth (n = 20.517) | ||||
| Yes | 75.6 (72.0–78.8) | 67.9 (63.2–72.2) | 82.4 (79.3–85.0) | <0.001 |
| No | 24.4 (21.2–27.9) | 32.1 (27.0–36.7) | 17.6 (14.9–20.6) | |
| Type of health service (n = 20.527) | ||||
| Public | 80.1 (78.4–81.5) | 95.1 (93.2–96.3) | 66.8 (64.5–69.0) | <0.001 |
| Private | 19.9 (18.4–21.5) | 4.9 (3.6–6.8) | 33.2 (30.9–35.4) | |
| Gestational age (n = 20.521) | ||||
| Early term | 39.2 (37.7–40.5) | 35.4 (33.6–37.3) | 42.3 (40.6–44.0) | <0.001 |
| Others (full term and postterm) | 60.8 (59.4–62.2) | 64.6 (62.6–66.3) | 57.7 (55.9–59.3) | |
| Exposure | ||||
| Abuse (n = 14.722) | ||||
| Yes | 5.7 (5.0–6.4) | 6,3 (5.3–7.3) | 5.3 (4.4–6.1) | 0.056 |
| No | 94.3 (93.5–94.6) | 93.7 (92.6–94.6) | 94.7 (93.9–95.5) | |
| Respect (n = 14.765) | ||||
| Yes | 85.8 (84.6–86.8) | 83.7 (81.8–85.3) | 87.6 (86.4–88.7) | <0.001 |
| No | 14.2 (13.4–15.3) | 16.3 (14.6–18.3) | 12.4 (11.3–13.5) | |
| Exams (n = 14.725) | ||||
| Yes | 88.1 (87.1–88.4) | 85.9 (84.2–87.5) | 89.9 (88.9–90.8) | <0.001 |
| No | 11.9 (11.0–12.8) | 14.1 (12.5–15.8) | 10.1 (9.2–11.0) | |
| Guidance (n = 14.768) | ||||
| Yes | 86.9 (85.9–87.9) | 86.3 (84.7–87.7) | 87.5 (86.3–88.6) | 0.132 |
| No | 13.1 (12.0–14.0) | 13.7 (12.3–15.3) | 12.5 (11.3–13.6) | |
| Clarity (n = 14.796) | ||||
| Yes | 82.6 (81.3–83.6) | 81.4 (79.7–83.0) | 83.5 (82.1–84.7) | 0.027 |
| No | 17.4 (16.3–18.6) | 18.6 (16.9–20.2) | 16.5 (15.2–17.8) | |
| Time (n = 14.822) | ||||
| Yes | 81.4 (80.1–82.4) | 78.7 (77.0–80.3) | 83.5 (82.2–84.7) | <0.001 |
| No | 18.6 (17.5–19.8) | 21.3 (19.6–22.9) | 16.5 (15.2–17.7) | |
| Decision (n = 14.753) | ||||
| Yes | 82.8 (81.8–83.8) | 80.6 (78.9–82.2) | 84.7 (83.6–85.8) | <0.001 |
| No | 17.2 (16.1–18.1) | 19.4 (17.8–21.0) | 15.3 (14.1–16.3) | |
| Obstetric violence (n = 13.879) | ||||
| Yes | 41.1 (39.3–42.7) | 45.3 (42.8–47.6) | 37.5 (35.7–39.3) | <0.001 |
| No | 58.9 (57.2–30.6) | 54.7 (52.3–57.1) | 62.5 (60.6–64.2) | |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Breastfeeding in maternity (n = 13.845) | ||||
| Yes | 93.4 (92.4–94.1) | 96.2 (95.1–97.0) | 90.8 (89.5–92.0) | <0.001 |
| No | 6.6 (8.8–7.5) | 3.8 (2.9–4.8) | 9.2 (7.9–10.4) | |
| Breastfeeding 43–180 days (n = 13.845) | ||||
| Yes | 87.4 (86.3–88.3) | 89.2 (87.6–60.5) | 85.8 (84.7–86.9) | <0.001 |
| No | 12.6 (11.6–13.6) | 10.8 (9.4–12.3) | 14.2 (13.0–15.3) | |
a
Values in bold are statistically significant (>0.05).