Table 3.
T-test or one-way ANOVA of research variables.
| Variables | N (%) |
Depressive symptoms
(Mean ±SD) |
t or F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 1.011 | 0.479 | ||
| Male | 271 (47.00) | 0.619 | ||
| Female | 305 (53.00) | 0.525 | ||
| Marriage † *** | 9.458 | < 0.001 | ||
| Married | 492 (85.42) | 0.494 | ||
| Bereaved spouse | 79 (13.72) | 1.064 | ||
| Divorce | 5 (0.86) | 0.200 | ||
| Education † | 0.432 | 0.786 | ||
| Illiterate | 68 (11.81) | 0.500 | ||
| Primary School | 194 (33.68) | 0.505 | ||
| Junior High School | 124 (21.53) | 0.607 | ||
| High School | 116 (20.14) | 0.626 | ||
| College and above | 74 (12.85) | 0.569 | ||
| Living status †*** | 5.665 | < 0.001 | ||
| Living alone | 36 (6.25) | 0.971 | ||
| Living with spouse | 138 (23.96) | 0.674 | ||
| Living with children | 173 (30.03) | 0.705 | ||
| Living with spouse and children | 219 (38.02) | 0.309 | ||
| Other | 10 (1.74) | 1.000 | ||
| Job † | 1.448 | 0.236 | ||
| Retired | 456 (79.17) | 0.605 | ||
| Working | 14 (2.4) | 0.214 | ||
| Other | 106 (18.40) | 0.462 | ||
| Monthly income †** | 3.539 | 0.007 | ||
| < 500 RMB | 146 (25.35) | 0.603 | ||
| (500, 1,000) RMB | 82 (14.24) | 0.185 | ||
| (1,000, 3,000) RMB | 117 (20.31) | 0.547 | ||
| (3,000, 5,000) RMB | 123 (21.35) | 0.623 | ||
| ≥5,000 RMB | 108 (18.75) | 0.776 | ||
| Drinking † | 2.224 | 0.084 | ||
| Never | 377 (65.45) | 0.541 | ||
| Occasionally | 140 (24.31) | 0.529 | ||
| Quit drinking | 32 (5.56) | 1.065 | ||
| Regular drinking | 27 (4.69) | 0.592 | ||
| Smoking † | 0.021 | 0.979 | ||
| Never | 411 (71.73) | 0.572 | ||
| Quit smoking | 91 (15.88) | 0.556 | ||
| Smoking | 71 (12.39) | 0.592 | ||
| Hypertension *** | −2.983 | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 303 (52.60) | 0.439 | ||
| Yes | 273 (47.40) | 0.713 | ||
| Diabetes ** | −2.312 | 0.004 | ||
| No | 465 (80.73) | 0.517 | ||
| Yes | 110 (19.10) | 0.789 | ||
Categorical data of participants' characteristics. SD, standard deviation;
†
ANOVA, analysis of variance.
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001.